{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388676631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2023.3332742","title":"Empathy by Design: The Influence of Trembling AI Voices on Prosocial Behavior","display_name":"Empathy by Design: The Influence of Trembling AI Voices on Prosocial Behavior","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388676631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2023.3332742"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taffc.2023.3332742","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2023.3332742","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5165369/5520654/10316625.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104780363","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","issn_l":"1949-3045","issn":["1949-3045","2371-9850"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5165369/5520654/10316625.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020026608","display_name":"Fotis Efthymiou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2308-5062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202963720","display_name":"University of St.Gallen","ror":"https://ror.org/0561a3s31","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fotis Efthymiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Behavioral Science and Technology, University of St. Gallen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2308-5062","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Behavioral Science and Technology, University of St. Gallen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089806968","display_name":"Christian Hildebrand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4366-3093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202963720","display_name":"University of St.Gallen","ror":"https://ror.org/0561a3s31","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Hildebrand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Behavioral Science and Technology, University of St. Gallen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4366-3093","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Behavioral Science and Technology, University of St. Gallen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7934,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90905797,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"1253","last_page":"1263"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12313","display_name":"Emotions and Moral Behavior","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prosocial-behavior","display_name":"Prosocial behavior","score":0.9134385585784912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empathy","display_name":"Empathy","score":0.8658082485198975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.6689890027046204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.42524948716163635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.38633379340171814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158608086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990613","display_name":"Prosocial behavior","level":2,"score":0.9134385585784912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182263","display_name":"Empathy","level":2,"score":0.8658082485198975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6689890027046204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.42524948716163635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.38633379340171814}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taffc.2023.3332742","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2023.3332742","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5165369/5520654/10316625.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104780363","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","issn_l":"1949-3045","issn":["1949-3045","2371-9850"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taffc.2023.3332742","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2023.3332742","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5165369/5520654/10316625.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104780363","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","issn_l":"1949-3045","issn":["1949-3045","2371-9850"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388676631.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388676631.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":90,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22249821","https://openalex.org/W161961671","https://openalex.org/W626265388","https://openalex.org/W1480351865","https://openalex.org/W1596166063","https://openalex.org/W1625269878","https://openalex.org/W1835514976","https://openalex.org/W1841352775","https://openalex.org/W1849190772","https://openalex.org/W1969567094","https://openalex.org/W1971594827","https://openalex.org/W1973697585","https://openalex.org/W1975950487","https://openalex.org/W1983615453","https://openalex.org/W1984591401","https://openalex.org/W1987759408","https://openalex.org/W1991015565","https://openalex.org/W1999629932","https://openalex.org/W2003350835","https://openalex.org/W2003541804","https://openalex.org/W2003547693","https://openalex.org/W2010950770","https://openalex.org/W2012511508","https://openalex.org/W2021636247","https://openalex.org/W2031891677","https://openalex.org/W2032781364","https://openalex.org/W2035677553","https://openalex.org/W2042049661","https://openalex.org/W2043145039","https://openalex.org/W2045914913","https://openalex.org/W2046759284","https://openalex.org/W2063044300","https://openalex.org/W2066097269","https://openalex.org/W2068322559","https://openalex.org/W2075132641","https://openalex.org/W2080184306","https://openalex.org/W2118785942","https://openalex.org/W2131916103","https://openalex.org/W2136219431","https://openalex.org/W2136267579","https://openalex.org/W2146879304","https://openalex.org/W2152536828","https://openalex.org/W2239141610","https://openalex.org/W2282380228","https://openalex.org/W2330152664","https://openalex.org/W2343814767","https://openalex.org/W2583542555","https://openalex.org/W2768657663","https://openalex.org/W2771994875","https://openalex.org/W2779206865","https://openalex.org/W2793717674","https://openalex.org/W2810580611","https://openalex.org/W2885373046","https://openalex.org/W2893507900","https://openalex.org/W2958197594","https://openalex.org/W2992944139","https://openalex.org/W2995412539","https://openalex.org/W3010242595","https://openalex.org/W3014499801","https://openalex.org/W3027609558","https://openalex.org/W3030172318","https://openalex.org/W3045101259","https://openalex.org/W3082818995","https://openalex.org/W3090859658","https://openalex.org/W3092263108","https://openalex.org/W3100168688","https://openalex.org/W3103255514","https://openalex.org/W3121604639","https://openalex.org/W3127356397","https://openalex.org/W3138153271","https://openalex.org/W3155533627","https://openalex.org/W3158618515","https://openalex.org/W3161418208","https://openalex.org/W3164960502","https://openalex.org/W3193886147","https://openalex.org/W4200065789","https://openalex.org/W4206773317","https://openalex.org/W4210719338","https://openalex.org/W4229724055","https://openalex.org/W4247253348","https://openalex.org/W4296219707","https://openalex.org/W4313316128","https://openalex.org/W4319294844","https://openalex.org/W4323045013","https://openalex.org/W4362590534","https://openalex.org/W4385347961","https://openalex.org/W4388726647","https://openalex.org/W6638783814","https://openalex.org/W6775853860","https://openalex.org/W6785777904"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W3184787772","https://openalex.org/W2800889318","https://openalex.org/W603013573","https://openalex.org/W3210550035","https://openalex.org/W2484597701","https://openalex.org/W2332066094","https://openalex.org/W2242014171","https://openalex.org/W2010073985"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"advances":[1],"in":[2,50,108,137],"artificial":[3],"speech":[4],"synthesis":[5],"and":[6,73,134,162,166],"machine":[7],"learning":[8],"equip":[9],"AI-powered":[10],"conversational":[11,66,123,157],"agents,":[12],"from":[13,117],"voice":[14,63,85,128],"assistants":[15],"to":[16,22,38,106,130],"social":[17],"robots,":[18],"with":[19,30,125],"the":[20,36,51,55,61,87,92,149,164],"ability":[21,37],"mimic":[23],"human":[24],"emotional":[25],"expression":[26],"during":[27],"their":[28,74],"interactions":[29],"users.":[31],"One":[32],"unexplored":[33],"development":[34],"is":[35],"design":[39],"machine-generated":[40],"voices":[41,155],"that":[42,82,122,169],"induce":[43],"varying":[44],"levels":[45],"of":[46,64,91,99,148,152,156],"\u201cshakiness\u201d":[47],"(i.e.,":[48],"trembling)":[49],"agents'":[52],"voices.":[53],"In":[54],"current":[56],"work,":[57],"we":[58,80],"examine":[59],"how":[60],"trembling":[62,84,127],"a":[65,83,96,109,118,126],"AI":[67,158],"impacts":[68],"users'":[69],"perceptions,":[70],"affective":[71],"experiences,":[72],"subsequent":[75],"behavior.":[76],"Across":[77],"three":[78],"studies,":[79],"demonstrate":[81],"enhances":[86],"perceived":[88],"psychological":[89],"vulnerability":[90],"agent,":[93],"followed":[94],"by":[95],"heightened":[97],"sense":[98],"empathic":[100],"concern,":[101],"ultimately":[102],"increasing":[103],"people's":[104],"willingness":[105],"donate":[107],"prosocial":[110],"charity":[111,140],"context.":[112],"We":[113],"provide":[114],"further":[115],"evidence":[116],"large-scale":[119],"field":[120],"experiment":[121],"agents":[124,159],"lead":[129],"increased":[131],"click-through":[132],"rates":[133],"decreased":[135],"costs-per-impression":[136],"an":[138],"online":[139],"advertising":[141],"setting.":[142],"These":[143],"findings":[144],"deepen":[145],"our":[146],"understanding":[147],"nuanced":[150],"impact":[151],"intentionally":[153],"designed":[154],"on":[160],"humans":[161],"highlight":[163],"ethical":[165],"societal":[167],"challenges":[168],"arise.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
