{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312976151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2022.3216993","title":"Robust Audiovisual Emotion Recognition: Aligning Modalities, Capturing Temporal Information, and Handling Missing Features","display_name":"Robust Audiovisual Emotion Recognition: Aligning Modalities, Capturing Temporal Information, and Handling Missing Features","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312976151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2022.3216993"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taffc.2022.3216993","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2022.3216993","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5165369/9964459/09928357.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104780363","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","issn_l":"1949-3045","issn":["1949-3045","2371-9850"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5165369/9964459/09928357.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017966455","display_name":"Lucas Goncalves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9613-1002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lucas Goncalves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Erik Jonsson School of Engineering & Commputer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9613-1002","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Erik Jonsson School of Engineering & Commputer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040793194","display_name":"Carlos Busso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4075-4072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Busso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Erik Jonsson School of Engineering & Commputer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4075-4072","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Erik Jonsson School of Engineering & Commputer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017966455"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3979,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97513766,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"2156","last_page":"2170"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7743878364562988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.7738381624221802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6704773902893066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6033910512924194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.49464794993400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.42868155241012573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33012819290161133}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7743878364562988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.7738381624221802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6704773902893066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6033910512924194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.49464794993400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.42868155241012573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33012819290161133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taffc.2022.3216993","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2022.3216993","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5165369/9964459/09928357.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104780363","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","issn_l":"1949-3045","issn":["1949-3045","2371-9850"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taffc.2022.3216993","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2022.3216993","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5165369/9964459/09928357.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104780363","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","issn_l":"1949-3045","issn":["1949-3045","2371-9850"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G744931700","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-1718944","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/010xaa060"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312976151.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312976151.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485958089","https://openalex.org/W1815942593","https://openalex.org/W1988910659","https://openalex.org/W2008887256","https://openalex.org/W2012237712","https://openalex.org/W2026243162","https://openalex.org/W2028899742","https://openalex.org/W2030931454","https://openalex.org/W2042608483","https://openalex.org/W2071932093","https://openalex.org/W2081835714","https://openalex.org/W2083638007","https://openalex.org/W2085662862","https://openalex.org/W2096391593","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2116258879","https://openalex.org/W2137454998","https://openalex.org/W2144005487","https://openalex.org/W2145295623","https://openalex.org/W2147634797","https://openalex.org/W2148146486","https://openalex.org/W2154739180","https://openalex.org/W2155765376","https://openalex.org/W2156503193","https://openalex.org/W2157190406","https://openalex.org/W2163026698","https://openalex.org/W2164471543","https://openalex.org/W2168465881","https://openalex.org/W2277498883","https://openalex.org/W2289165730","https://openalex.org/W2314395941","https://openalex.org/W2325939864","https://openalex.org/W2327797865","https://openalex.org/W2341528187","https://openalex.org/W2342475039","https://openalex.org/W2491224255","https://openalex.org/W2525412388","https://openalex.org/W2604379605","https://openalex.org/W2745497104","https://openalex.org/W2807126412","https://openalex.org/W2885905848","https://openalex.org/W2886564777","https://openalex.org/W2887761937","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2897067191","https://openalex.org/W2945503157","https://openalex.org/W2963542740","https://openalex.org/W2963631907","https://openalex.org/W2963702064","https://openalex.org/W2964051877","https://openalex.org/W2972602947","https://openalex.org/W2997258743","https://openalex.org/W3007589762","https://openalex.org/W3024979138","https://openalex.org/W3034266838","https://openalex.org/W3035118106","https://openalex.org/W3035299099","https://openalex.org/W3080565611","https://openalex.org/W3086923691","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3101998545","https://openalex.org/W3114214226","https://openalex.org/W3122081138","https://openalex.org/W3128401974","https://openalex.org/W3128412859","https://openalex.org/W3172448037","https://openalex.org/W3194425045","https://openalex.org/W3196749180","https://openalex.org/W4224932526","https://openalex.org/W4224933371","https://openalex.org/W4297841781","https://openalex.org/W4298395628","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6638656256","https://openalex.org/W6641446668","https://openalex.org/W6670991099","https://openalex.org/W6701597766","https://openalex.org/W6735927292","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6754905691","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6763367864","https://openalex.org/W6784333009","https://openalex.org/W6800055785"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2185469136","https://openalex.org/W2011264131","https://openalex.org/W4306353150","https://openalex.org/W2026860389","https://openalex.org/W8219677","https://openalex.org/W3216879894","https://openalex.org/W2890132085","https://openalex.org/W2168054807","https://openalex.org/W2058990474","https://openalex.org/W3207883763"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Emotion":[0],"recognition":[1,105,160],"using":[2],"audiovisual":[3,103,148,168],"features":[4,72,169],"is":[5],"a":[6,83,89,99,109],"challenging":[7,59],"task":[8],"for":[9,102,139],"human-machine":[10],"interaction":[11],"systems.":[12],"Under":[13],"ideal":[14,53,123],"conditions":[15,124],"(perfect":[16],"illumination,":[17],"clean":[18],"speech":[19],"signals,":[20],"and":[21,41,70,92,125,165,179],"non-occluded":[22],"visual":[23],"data)":[24],"many":[25],"systems":[26,40,46],"are":[27,128],"able":[28],"to":[29,44,74,97,182],"achieve":[30,98],"reliable":[31],"results.":[32],"However,":[33],"few":[34],"studies":[35],"have":[36],"considered":[37],"developing":[38],"multimodal":[39,136],"training":[42,95],"strategies":[43],"build":[45],"that":[47,85,106,151],"can":[48],"perform":[49],"well":[50,118],"under":[51],"non":[52],"conditions.":[54],"Audiovisual":[55],"models":[56],"still":[57],"face":[58],"problems":[60],"such":[61],"as":[62],"misalignment":[63],"of":[64,67,167,176],"modalities,":[65],"lack":[66],"temporal":[68,177],"modeling,":[69],"missing":[71],"due":[73],"noise":[75],"or":[76],"occlusions.":[77],"In":[78],"this":[79,119,132],"article,":[80],"we":[81],"implement":[82],"model":[84,120,172],"combines":[86],"auxiliary":[87],"networks,":[88],"transformer":[90],"architecture,":[91],"an":[93],"optimized":[94],"mechanism":[96],"robust":[100],"system":[101],"emotion":[104,140,159],"addresses,":[107],"in":[108,122,158],"principled":[110],"way,":[111],"these":[112],"challenges.":[113],"Our":[114,142],"evaluation":[115],"analyzes":[116],"how":[117],"performs":[121],"when":[126],"modalities":[127],"missing.":[129],"We":[130],"contrast":[131],"method":[133],"with":[134],"other":[135],"fusion":[137,166],"methods":[138],"recognition.":[141],"experimental":[143],"results":[144],"based":[145],"on":[146],"two":[147],"databases":[149],"demonstrate":[150],"the":[152,171],"proposed":[153],"framework":[154],"achieves:":[155],"1)":[156],"improvements":[157],"accuracy,":[161],"2)":[162],"better":[163],"alignment":[164],"at":[170],"level,":[173],"3)":[174],"awareness":[175],"information,":[178],"4)":[180],"robustness":[181],"non-ideal":[183],"scenarios.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}