{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3216674496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2021.3130387","title":"EEG-Based Emotion Recognition via Neural Architecture Search","display_name":"EEG-Based Emotion Recognition via Neural Architecture Search","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3216674496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2021.3130387","mag":"3216674496"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taffc.2021.3130387","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2021.3130387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104780363","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","issn_l":"1949-3045","issn":["1949-3045","2371-9850"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429537","display_name":"Chang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0195-1003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0195-1003","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087102243","display_name":"Zhongzhen Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongzhen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082889047","display_name":"Rencheng Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7760-7562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rencheng Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7760-7562","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029209486","display_name":"Juan Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1206-1698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1206-1698","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100618357","display_name":"Y\u00fc Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2211-3535"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2211-3535","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100451602","display_name":"Xun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4922-8116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and the Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4922-8116","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and the Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2045,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2045},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6795,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96118526,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"957","last_page":"968"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7378253936767578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6677951812744141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5734435319900513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.485924631357193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.48479121923446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.4529695212841034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.44391679763793945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arousal","display_name":"Arousal","score":0.43947410583496094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.4194440543651581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.41178521513938904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4021621346473694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7378253936767578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6677951812744141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5734435319900513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.485924631357193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.48479121923446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.4529695212841034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44391679763793945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36951298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379784","display_name":"Arousal","level":2,"score":0.43947410583496094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.4194440543651581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.41178521513938904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4021621346473694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taffc.2021.3130387","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2021.3130387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104780363","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","issn_l":"1949-3045","issn":["1949-3045","2371-9850"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1970520617","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61922075","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G239513918","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JZ2021HGTB0078","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3759162436","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCKY2019548B001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335833","funder_display_name":"National Defense Basic Scientific Research Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4945367125","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62176081","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5399244241","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171176","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5509323304","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41901350","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6500829476","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PA2021KCPY0051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335833","display_name":"National Defense Basic Scientific Research Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488104929","https://openalex.org/W1646152356","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1966647632","https://openalex.org/W1966797434","https://openalex.org/W2002055708","https://openalex.org/W2016053056","https://openalex.org/W2017844856","https://openalex.org/W2033702744","https://openalex.org/W2036309320","https://openalex.org/W2040378199","https://openalex.org/W2043181832","https://openalex.org/W2066877763","https://openalex.org/W2073418956","https://openalex.org/W2074788634","https://openalex.org/W2101972387","https://openalex.org/W2118095834","https://openalex.org/W2139564752","https://openalex.org/W2161227937","https://openalex.org/W2164699598","https://openalex.org/W2170883741","https://openalex.org/W2278113816","https://openalex.org/W2464929676","https://openalex.org/W2507248126","https://openalex.org/W2553303224","https://openalex.org/W2599124244","https://openalex.org/W2748513770","https://openalex.org/W2775675437","https://openalex.org/W2790404832","https://openalex.org/W2799761007","https://openalex.org/W2800276980","https://openalex.org/W2889782437","https://openalex.org/W2896297654","https://openalex.org/W2901337091","https://openalex.org/W2902165755","https://openalex.org/W2925303509","https://openalex.org/W2925836809","https://openalex.org/W2937023809","https://openalex.org/W2939411050","https://openalex.org/W2951104886","https://openalex.org/W2952542841","https://openalex.org/W2953214845","https://openalex.org/W2963136578","https://openalex.org/W2963225384","https://openalex.org/W2963263347","https://openalex.org/W2970007912","https://openalex.org/W2981747930","https://openalex.org/W2985650650","https://openalex.org/W2989221291","https://openalex.org/W3006715241","https://openalex.org/W3014215018","https://openalex.org/W3025334394","https://openalex.org/W3027581678","https://openalex.org/W3044186523","https://openalex.org/W3081599307","https://openalex.org/W3088256290","https://openalex.org/W3089752722","https://openalex.org/W3100724425","https://openalex.org/W3108087271","https://openalex.org/W3108564553","https://openalex.org/W3145928148","https://openalex.org/W3156005160","https://openalex.org/W3169095106","https://openalex.org/W4241811150","https://openalex.org/W4292333043","https://openalex.org/W6636774829","https://openalex.org/W6726497184","https://openalex.org/W6729956949","https://openalex.org/W6734593296","https://openalex.org/W6743495212","https://openalex.org/W6752515464","https://openalex.org/W6760796423"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3202969339","https://openalex.org/W4237513258","https://openalex.org/W2044053727","https://openalex.org/W1994410349","https://openalex.org/W3177028067","https://openalex.org/W1913385466","https://openalex.org/W2914170859","https://openalex.org/W2889342546","https://openalex.org/W2015048155","https://openalex.org/W1969223073"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,9,25,92,104,109,114,120,124,136,140,145,151,154,169,190,194],"flourishing":[2],"development":[3],"of":[4,27,123,142],"deep":[5],"learning":[6,65],"(DL)":[7],"and":[8,47,88,131,147,160,165,177,182],"convolution":[10],"neural":[11,57],"network":[12,75,97,106],"(CNN),":[13],"electroencephalogram-based":[14],"(EEG)":[15],"emotion":[16,69],"recognition":[17],"is":[18,44,100],"occupying":[19],"an":[20],"increasingly":[21],"crucial":[22],"part":[23],"in":[24,108],"field":[26],"brain-computer":[28],"interface":[29],"(BCI).":[30],"However,":[31],"currently":[32],"employed":[33],"architectures":[34],"have":[35],"mostly":[36],"been":[37],"designed":[38],"manually":[39],"by":[40],"human":[41],"experts,":[42],"which":[43,71],"a":[45,55,95,128],"time-consuming":[46],"labor-intensive":[48],"process.":[49],"In":[50],"this":[51],"paper,":[52],"we":[53],"proposed":[54,78,191],"novel":[56],"architecture":[58],"search":[59,84,86,93,110],"(NAS)":[60],"framework":[61],"based":[62],"on":[63,127,144,162,179],"reinforcement":[64],"(RL)":[66],"for":[67],"EEG-based":[68],"recognition,":[70],"can":[72],"automatically":[73],"design":[74],"architectures.":[76],"The":[77,185],"NAS":[79,143,192],"mainly":[80],"contains":[81],"three":[82],"parts:":[83],"strategy,":[85],"space,":[87],"evaluation":[89],"strategy.":[90],"During":[91],"process,":[94],"recurrent":[96],"(RNN)":[98],"controller":[99,115],"used":[101],"to":[102,118],"select":[103],"optimal":[105],"structure":[107],"space.":[111],"We":[112,138],"trained":[113],"with":[116],"RL":[117],"maximize":[119],"expected":[121],"reward":[122],"generated":[125],"models":[126],"validation":[129],"set":[130],"force":[132],"parameter":[133],"sharing":[134],"among":[135],"models.":[137],"evaluated":[139],"performance":[141],"DEAP":[146,152],"DREAMER":[148,170],"dataset.":[149],"On":[150,168],"dataset,":[153,171],"average":[155,172],"accuracies":[156,173],"reached":[157,174],"97.94%,":[158],"97.74%,":[159],"97.82%":[161],"arousal,":[163,180],"valence,":[164,181],"dominance":[166],"respectively.":[167,184],"96.62%,":[175],"96.29%":[176],"96.61%":[178],"dominance,":[183],"experimental":[186],"results":[187],"demonstrated":[188],"that":[189],"outperforms":[193],"state-of-the-art":[195],"CNN-based":[196],"methods.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}