{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3211719236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2021.3128787","title":"Automatic Emotion Recognition in Clinical Scenario: A Systematic Review of Methods","display_name":"Automatic Emotion Recognition in Clinical Scenario: A Systematic Review of Methods","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3211719236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2021.3128787","mag":"3211719236"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taffc.2021.3128787","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2021.3128787","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104780363","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","issn_l":"1949-3045","issn":["1949-3045","2371-9850"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075232886","display_name":"Lucia Pepa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1471-092X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122534668","display_name":"Marche Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00x69rs40","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucia Pepa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Department of Information Engineering, Universit&#x00E0; Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1471-092X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Department of Information Engineering, Universit&#x00E0; Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055715757","display_name":"Luca Spalazzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4807-6632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122534668","display_name":"Marche Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00x69rs40","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Spalazzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Universit&#x00E0; Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4807-6632","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Universit&#x00E0; Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073952802","display_name":"Marianna Capecci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1472-606X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122534668","display_name":"Marche Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00x69rs40","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marianna Capecci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Universit&#x00E0; Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Universit&#x00E0; Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051862747","display_name":"Maria Gabriella Ceravolo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2694-4638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122534668","display_name":"Marche Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00x69rs40","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Gabriella Ceravolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Universit&#x00E0; Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2694-4638","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Universit&#x00E0; Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.006,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93981533,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"1675","last_page":"1695"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scopus","display_name":"Scopus","score":0.5645901560783386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-study","display_name":"Observational study","score":0.524323582649231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic review","score":0.5241694450378418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inclusion","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","score":0.48868539929389954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4853143095970154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4704434275627136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4577966332435608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4204064905643463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.41087794303894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medline","display_name":"MEDLINE","score":0.40477579832077026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3996679484844208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-psychology","display_name":"Clinical psychology","score":0.3340834677219391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.23635956645011902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternative-medicine","display_name":"Alternative medicine","score":0.16786843538284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.13162657618522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.10531869530677795}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83867959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371467","display_name":"Scopus","level":3,"score":0.5645901560783386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.524323582649231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.5241694450378418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109359841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728944","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","level":2,"score":0.48868539929389954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4853143095970154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4704434275627136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4577966332435608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4204064905643463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.41087794303894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.40477579832077026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3996679484844208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.3340834677219391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.23635956645011902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.16786843538284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.13162657618522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.10531869530677795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taffc.2021.3128787","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2021.3128787","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104780363","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","issn_l":"1949-3045","issn":["1949-3045","2371-9850"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.univpm.it:11566/300751","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11566/300751","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402571","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche (Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122534668","host_organization_name":"Marche Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":93,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1554040650","https://openalex.org/W2005069458","https://openalex.org/W2005445667","https://openalex.org/W2029065161","https://openalex.org/W2043037790","https://openalex.org/W2044954427","https://openalex.org/W2056571647","https://openalex.org/W2059912118","https://openalex.org/W2073919051","https://openalex.org/W2074595192","https://openalex.org/W2081420711","https://openalex.org/W2084109136","https://openalex.org/W2120945046","https://openalex.org/W2122410182","https://openalex.org/W2141743411","https://openalex.org/W2143197238","https://openalex.org/W2149628368","https://openalex.org/W2150081050","https://openalex.org/W2151202317","https://openalex.org/W2191787161","https://openalex.org/W2274886583","https://openalex.org/W2513404240","https://openalex.org/W2519261326","https://openalex.org/W2524924047","https://openalex.org/W2585273006","https://openalex.org/W2590966124","https://openalex.org/W2604290265","https://openalex.org/W2604419913","https://openalex.org/W2605473201","https://openalex.org/W2607348396","https://openalex.org/W2614965672","https://openalex.org/W2660534405","https://openalex.org/W2736041040","https://openalex.org/W2754840069","https://openalex.org/W2757583156","https://openalex.org/W2776941716","https://openalex.org/W2785722081","https://openalex.org/W2787679949","https://openalex.org/W2793141922","https://openalex.org/W2795298719","https://openalex.org/W2795863578","https://openalex.org/W2799228184","https://openalex.org/W2807547389","https://openalex.org/W2883892712","https://openalex.org/W2892051623","https://openalex.org/W2894305195","https://openalex.org/W2895774088","https://openalex.org/W2896541000","https://openalex.org/W2899811259","https://openalex.org/W2899985825","https://openalex.org/W2903125217","https://openalex.org/W2905375309","https://openalex.org/W2913220880","https://openalex.org/W2915622774","https://openalex.org/W2915988983","https://openalex.org/W2917094047","https://openalex.org/W2919207065","https://openalex.org/W2923101636","https://openalex.org/W2925637260","https://openalex.org/W2932256489","https://openalex.org/W2946526173","https://openalex.org/W2950542018","https://openalex.org/W2950631439","https://openalex.org/W2952360101","https://openalex.org/W2953771225","https://openalex.org/W2959236135","https://openalex.org/W2960158873","https://openalex.org/W2969522137","https://openalex.org/W2970929894","https://openalex.org/W2974550657","https://openalex.org/W2975003464","https://openalex.org/W2978360381","https://openalex.org/W2986242705","https://openalex.org/W2991608009","https://openalex.org/W2995034616","https://openalex.org/W2999539012","https://openalex.org/W3008403993","https://openalex.org/W3015677584","https://openalex.org/W3017142566","https://openalex.org/W3021579023","https://openalex.org/W3039930096","https://openalex.org/W3044580164","https://openalex.org/W3046621017","https://openalex.org/W3047897636","https://openalex.org/W3092207364","https://openalex.org/W3100470991","https://openalex.org/W3148962211","https://openalex.org/W3151821185","https://openalex.org/W3159105191","https://openalex.org/W6768225298","https://openalex.org/W6774937102","https://openalex.org/W6787815814","https://openalex.org/W6794952137"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2615364657","https://openalex.org/W2901881702","https://openalex.org/W4255514511","https://openalex.org/W3168195171","https://openalex.org/W2766804112","https://openalex.org/W2801277746","https://openalex.org/W2115044119","https://openalex.org/W4380303896","https://openalex.org/W2341907313","https://openalex.org/W3214822523"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND":[0],"-":[1,58,147,225],"Automatic":[2],"emotion":[3,40,86,221],"recognition":[4,41,87,222],"has":[5],"powerful":[6],"and":[7,89,112,139,142,165,198,209,211,233,257,264,272,281],"interesting":[8],"opportunities":[9],"in":[10,44,97,126,236],"the":[11,65,81,90,98,105,117,127,135,152,169,187,190,203,260],"clinical":[12,46,138,160,242],"field,":[13],"but":[14],"several":[15],"critical":[16],"aspects":[17,141],"are":[18,207,270],"still":[19],"open,":[20],"such":[21],"as":[22,216,240],"heterogeneity":[23,252],"of":[24,52,83,92,129,171,189,229,234,248,253,266],"methodologies":[25],"or":[26,174],"technologies":[27],"tested":[28],"mainly":[29],"on":[30,49,64,156],"healthy":[31],"people.":[32],"This":[33],"systematic":[34],"review":[35,61,102],"aims":[36,170],"to":[37,122,133,182,186,274,278],"survey":[38],"automatic":[39,85],"systems":[42],"applied":[43],"real":[45],"contexts":[47],"(i.e.,":[48],"a":[50,55,123,130,230,245,250],"population":[51],"people":[53],"with":[54,168],"pathology).":[56],"METHODS":[57],"The":[59,101,178],"literature":[60],"was":[62],"conducted":[63],"following":[66],"scientific":[67,149,276],"databases:":[68],"IEEE":[69],"<italic":[70],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[71],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Xplore</i>":[72],"\u00ae,":[73],"ScienceDirect\u00ae,":[74],"Scopus\u00ae,":[75],"PubMed\u00ae,":[76],"ACM\u00ae.":[77],"Inclusion":[78],"criteria":[79],"were":[80,119],"presence":[82],"an":[84],"algorithm":[88],"enrollment":[91],"at":[93],"least":[94],"2":[95],"patients":[96],"experimental":[99],"protocol.":[100],"process":[103],"followed":[104],"Preferred":[106],"Reporting":[107],"Items":[108],"for":[109,196,201,220,284],"Systematic":[110],"Reviews":[111],"Meta-Analyses":[113],"(PRISMA)":[114],"guidelines.":[115],"Moreover,":[116],"works":[118],"analysed":[120],"according":[121],"reference":[124],"model":[125],"form":[128],"class":[131],"diagram,":[132],"highlight":[134],"most":[136,159,204,217],"important":[137,241],"technical":[140,246],"relationships":[143],"among":[144],"them.":[145],"RESULTS":[146],"52":[148],"papers":[150],"passed":[151],"inclusion":[153],"criteria.":[154],"Based":[155],"our":[157],"findings,":[158],"applications":[161],"involved":[162],"neuro-developmental,":[163],"neurological":[164],"psychiatric":[166],"disorders":[167],"diagnosing,":[172],"monitoring,":[173],"treating":[175],"emotional":[176],"symptoms.":[177],"study":[179,191],"design":[180],"seems":[181],"be":[183],"mostly":[184],"related":[185],"aim":[188],"(it":[192],"is":[193],"generally":[194],"observational":[195],"monitoring":[197],"diagnosis,":[199],"interventional":[200],"treatment),":[202],"adopted":[205],"signals":[206],"video":[208],"audio,":[210],"supervised":[212],"shallow":[213],"learning":[214],"emerged":[215,239],"used":[218],"approach":[219],"algorithm.":[223],"DISCUSSION":[224],"Tiny":[226],"samples,":[227],"absence":[228],"control":[231],"group":[232],"tests":[235],"real-life":[237],"conditions":[238],"limitations.":[243],"Under":[244],"point":[247],"view,":[249],"great":[251],"performance":[254],"metrics,":[255],"datasets":[256],"algorithms":[258],"challenges":[259],"comparability,":[261],"robustness,":[262],"reliability":[263],"reproducibility":[265],"results.":[267],"Suggested":[268],"guidelines":[269],"identified":[271],"discussed":[273],"help":[275],"community":[277],"overcome":[279],"limitations":[280],"provide":[282],"direction":[283],"future":[285],"works.":[286]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
