{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2991179476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2019.2956135","title":"Task Load Estimation from Multimodal Head-Worn Sensors Using Event Sequence Features","display_name":"Task Load Estimation from Multimodal Head-Worn Sensors Using Event Sequence Features","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2991179476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2019.2956135","mag":"2991179476"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taffc.2019.2956135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2019.2956135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104780363","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","issn_l":"1949-3045","issn":["1949-3045","2371-9850"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/bitstreams/8cca82ef-6ccb-430f-a1f7-466a5c019b50/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031450947","display_name":"Siyuan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0272-5841"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Siyuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030922449","display_name":"Julien Epps","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6624-5551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julien Epps","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031450947"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3487,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62725294,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"622","last_page":"635"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6888734698295593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6608350872993469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.6346450448036194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.5742299556732178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/novelty","display_name":"Novelty","score":0.5637905597686768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.4694368839263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4565645158290863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15481135249137878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.11971142888069153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.08751657605171204}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6888734698295593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6608350872993469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.6346450448036194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.5742299556732178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.5637905597686768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.4694368839263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4565645158290863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15481135249137878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11971142888069153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.08751657605171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taffc.2019.2956135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2019.2956135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104780363","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","issn_l":"1949-3045","issn":["1949-3045","2371-9850"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:unsworks.library.unsw.edu.au:1959.4/unsworks_74954","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1959.4/unsworks_74954","pdf_url":"https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/bitstreams/8cca82ef-6ccb-430f-a1f7-466a5c019b50/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401737","display_name":"UNSWorks (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40053085","host_organization_name":"Australian Defence Force Academy","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40053085"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, 12, 3, 622-635","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:unsworks.library.unsw.edu.au:1959.4/unsworks_74954","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1959.4/unsworks_74954","pdf_url":"https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/bitstreams/8cca82ef-6ccb-430f-a1f7-466a5c019b50/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401737","display_name":"UNSWorks (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40053085","host_organization_name":"Australian Defence Force Academy","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40053085"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, 12, 3, 622-635","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2991179476.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2991179476.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W836232","https://openalex.org/W407865814","https://openalex.org/W1963488110","https://openalex.org/W1965305672","https://openalex.org/W1968960638","https://openalex.org/W1971503034","https://openalex.org/W1990729297","https://openalex.org/W2007041320","https://openalex.org/W2016029383","https://openalex.org/W2023097517","https://openalex.org/W2042276900","https://openalex.org/W2045528981","https://openalex.org/W2081403235","https://openalex.org/W2084553975","https://openalex.org/W2091507572","https://openalex.org/W2108943008","https://openalex.org/W2117645142","https://openalex.org/W2128837546","https://openalex.org/W2131368080","https://openalex.org/W2146672416","https://openalex.org/W2157684370","https://openalex.org/W2278113816","https://openalex.org/W2293550389","https://openalex.org/W2336160298","https://openalex.org/W2404190044","https://openalex.org/W2461071842","https://openalex.org/W2474755898","https://openalex.org/W2518110751","https://openalex.org/W2784578000","https://openalex.org/W2795960359","https://openalex.org/W2897435888","https://openalex.org/W2908709006","https://openalex.org/W6600043270","https://openalex.org/W6654360161","https://openalex.org/W6713388680"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381242807","https://openalex.org/W2751208925","https://openalex.org/W2347541121","https://openalex.org/W4288804799","https://openalex.org/W3089617106","https://openalex.org/W3032237421","https://openalex.org/W2080951048","https://openalex.org/W3011883280","https://openalex.org/W2390346111","https://openalex.org/W2369082698"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"longitudinal":[1,193],"behavior":[2,19,194],"analysis,":[3],"task":[4,36,42,96,173],"type":[5,174],"is":[6,123,190],"an":[7,17],"inevitable":[8],"and":[9,22,31,51,57,68,89,101,109,114,133,145,156,183],"important":[10],"variable.":[11],"In":[12],"this":[13,72],"article,":[14],"we":[15],"propose":[16],"event-based":[18,154,187],"modeling":[20,188],"approach":[21,73],"employ":[23],"non-invasive":[24],"wearable":[25],"sensing":[26],"modalities":[27,63],"(eye":[28],"activity,":[29],"speech":[30],"head":[32],"movement)":[33],"to":[34,64,128,176],"recognize":[35],"load":[37,43,66,91,97,103,107,112,115],"level":[38,92,104,113,130,137],"under":[39],"four":[40,82],"different":[41,83],"types.":[44,69],"The":[45],"novelty":[46],"lies":[47],"in":[48,125,131,138,166],"converting":[49],"physiological":[50],"behavioral":[52],"signals":[53],"into":[54],"meaningful":[55],"events":[56],"utilizing":[58],"their":[59],"sequence":[60],"across":[61],"multiple":[62],"distinguish":[65],"levels":[67],"We":[70],"evaluated":[71],"on":[74],"head-worn":[75],"sensor":[76],"data":[77],"from":[78],"24":[79],"participants":[80],"completing":[81],"tasks":[84],"for":[85,93,140,192],"recognizing":[86],"(i)":[87],"low":[88,100],"high":[90,102],"a":[94,149],"given":[95],"type,":[98,108],"(ii)":[99],"regardless":[105],"of":[106,151],"(iii)":[110,139],"both":[111],"type.":[116],"Findings":[117],"show":[118],"that":[119,172,184],"the":[120,152,161,185],"recognition":[121],"rate":[122],"reasonable":[124],"(i),":[126],"close":[127],"chance":[129,136],"(ii),":[132],"well":[134],"above":[135],"8":[141],"classes":[142],"using":[143,180],"participant-dependent":[144],"-independent":[146],"schemes.":[147],"Further,":[148],"fusion":[150],"proposed":[153,186],"features":[155,159,182],"conventional":[157],"continuous":[158,181],"achieved":[160],"best":[162],"or":[163],"similar":[164],"performance":[165],"most":[167],"cases.":[168],"These":[169],"results":[170],"suggest":[171],"needs":[175],"be":[177],"considered":[178],"when":[179],"paradigm":[189],"promising":[191],"analysis.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
