{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2509286793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2016.2598569","title":"Emotionally-Relevant Features for Classification and Regression of Music Lyrics","display_name":"Emotionally-Relevant Features for Classification and Regression of Music Lyrics","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2509286793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2016.2598569","mag":"2509286793"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taffc.2016.2598569","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2016.2598569","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104780363","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","issn_l":"1949-3045","issn":["1949-3045","2371-9850"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10316/94353","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027354510","display_name":"Ricardo Malheiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3010-2732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153961","display_name":"Instituto Superior Miguel Torga","ror":"https://ror.org/04xkdwy10","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153961"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Malheiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Miguel Torga Higher Institute, Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3010-2732","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Miguel Torga Higher Institute, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059889398","display_name":"Renato Panda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2539-5590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renato Panda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra (CISUC), Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2539-5590","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra (CISUC), Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058458460","display_name":"Paulo J. S. Gomes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9988-654X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paulo Gomes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra (CISUC), Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra (CISUC), Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038315186","display_name":"Rui Pedro Paiva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3215-3960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Pedro Paiva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra (CISUC), Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3215-3960","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra (CISUC), Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7511,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":82,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94165257,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"240","last_page":"254"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lyrics","display_name":"Lyrics","score":0.8986642360687256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/valence","display_name":"Valence (chemistry)","score":0.6165841817855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5555934906005859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5408957004547119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression","display_name":"Regression","score":0.49566924571990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arousal","display_name":"Arousal","score":0.4511619210243225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.44395211338996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.42753466963768005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.4228346347808838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4203755855560303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis","display_name":"Regression analysis","score":0.41685181856155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.41659313440322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3917624354362488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.268216609954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23386028409004211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.22894814610481262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.18761420249938965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1352207362651825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.10007357597351074}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q602446","display_name":"Lyrics","level":2,"score":0.8986642360687256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168900304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171407","display_name":"Valence (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.6165841817855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5555934906005859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5408957004547119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.49566924571990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36951298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379784","display_name":"Arousal","level":2,"score":0.4511619210243225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.44395211338996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.42753466963768005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.4228346347808838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4203755855560303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.41685181856155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.41659313440322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3917624354362488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.268216609954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23386028409004211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.22894814610481262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.18761420249938965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1352207362651825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.10007357597351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taffc.2016.2598569","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2016.2598569","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104780363","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","issn_l":"1949-3045","issn":["1949-3045","2371-9850"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:estudogeral.sib.uc.pt:10316/94353","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10316/94353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402070","display_name":"Estudo Geral (Universidad de Coimbra)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","host_organization_name":"University of Coimbra","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.ismt.pt:123456789/720","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://repositorio.ismt.pt/handle/123456789/720","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:estudogeral.sib.uc.pt:10316/94353","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10316/94353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402070","display_name":"Estudo Geral (Universidad de Coimbra)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","host_organization_name":"University of Coimbra","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1578237752","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"COMPETE","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323392","display_name":"Universidade de Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327374","display_name":"Programa Operacional Tem\u00e1tico Factores de Competitividade","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168039245","https://openalex.org/W168588848","https://openalex.org/W1500895378","https://openalex.org/W1566337733","https://openalex.org/W1582706191","https://openalex.org/W1948749636","https://openalex.org/W1988060680","https://openalex.org/W1994477474","https://openalex.org/W2001014535","https://openalex.org/W2012665501","https://openalex.org/W2087347434","https://openalex.org/W2097386274","https://openalex.org/W2118020653","https://openalex.org/W2118286367","https://openalex.org/W2128070398","https://openalex.org/W2134031328","https://openalex.org/W2135475818","https://openalex.org/W2144707026","https://openalex.org/W2152156982","https://openalex.org/W2153222072","https://openalex.org/W2161425276","https://openalex.org/W2166559705","https://openalex.org/W2171848217","https://openalex.org/W2229162816","https://openalex.org/W2249515616","https://openalex.org/W2404480901","https://openalex.org/W2998574808","https://openalex.org/W3041448632","https://openalex.org/W4210764005","https://openalex.org/W4234460471","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6606989726","https://openalex.org/W6679081286","https://openalex.org/W6691360926","https://openalex.org/W6911830322"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2029072726","https://openalex.org/W91913183","https://openalex.org/W2936882366","https://openalex.org/W1987182177","https://openalex.org/W2736893848","https://openalex.org/W1544055438","https://openalex.org/W3003450285","https://openalex.org/W2085024878","https://openalex.org/W2087245461","https://openalex.org/W4361008003"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"research":[1],"addresses":[2],"the":[3,8,21,68,71,84,100,106,118,144,153,167,174],"role":[4],"of":[5,20,55,70],"lyrics":[6,141],"in":[7,152],"music":[9],"emotion":[10,49],"recognition":[11],"process.":[12],"Our":[13],"approach":[14],"is":[15],"based":[16],"on":[17],"several":[18],"state":[19,69],"art":[22,72],"features":[23,73,109,120,170],"complemented":[24],"by":[25,60,155],"novel":[26,81],"stylistic,":[27],"structural":[28],"and":[29,58,63,89,95,110,125,171,173,196],"semantic":[30],"features.":[31,177],"To":[32,104,129],"evaluate":[33],"our":[34],"approach,":[35],"we":[36,113,134,189],"created":[37],"a":[38,136,191,197],"ground":[39],"truth":[40],"dataset":[41],"containing":[42],"180":[43],"song":[44],"lyrics,":[45],"according":[46],"to":[47,67,92,116,123,161,184],"Russell's":[48],"model.":[50],"We":[51,157],"conduct":[52],"four":[53],"types":[54],"experiments:":[56],"regression":[57],"classification":[59,102,154],"quadrant,":[61],"arousal":[62,195],"valence":[64],"categories.":[65],"Comparing":[66],"(ngrams":[74],"-":[75],"baseline),":[76],"adding":[77],"other":[78],"features,":[79,82],"including":[80],"improved":[83],"F-measure":[85,151],"from":[86,143],"69.9,":[87],"82.7":[88],"85.6":[90],"percent":[91,150],"80.1,":[93],"88.3":[94],"90":[96],"percent,":[97],"respectively":[98],"for":[99,187,194,201],"three":[101],"experiments.":[103],"study":[105],"relation":[107,168,175],"between":[108,169],"emotions":[111,172],"(quadrants)":[112],"performed":[114],"experiments":[115,160],"identify":[117,162],"best":[119],"that":[121,165],"allow":[122],"describe":[124],"discriminate":[126],"each":[127],"quadrant.":[128],"further":[130],"validate":[131],"these":[132],"experiments,":[133],"built":[135],"validation":[137],"set":[138],"comprising":[139],"771":[140],"extracted":[142],"AllMusic":[145],"platform,":[146],"having":[147],"achieved":[148],"73.6":[149],"quadrants.":[156],"also":[158],"conducted":[159],"interpretable":[163],"rules":[164],"show":[166,181],"among":[176],"Regarding":[178],"regression,":[179],"results":[180],"that,":[182],"comparing":[183],"similar":[185,192],"studies":[186],"audio,":[188],"achieve":[190],"performance":[193,200],"much":[198],"better":[199],"valence.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}