{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160487407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3691158","title":"Unbiased Minimum-Variance Filter for Flexible Landing With Mixed State Constraints","display_name":"Unbiased Minimum-Variance Filter for Flexible Landing With Mixed State Constraints","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160487407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3691158"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2026.3691158","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3691158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063080359","display_name":"Zelong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5444-0526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zelong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5444-0526","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135622876","display_name":"Pingyuan Cui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pingyuan Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4885-4393","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073497796","display_name":"Dantong Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3714-6655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dantong Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3714-6655","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089314302","display_name":"Shengying Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-4948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengying Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-4948","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135610612","display_name":"Shisheng Cui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shisheng Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Complex System Intelligent Control and Decision, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6809-319X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Complex System Intelligent Control and Decision, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87338822,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"10503","last_page":"10513"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11082","display_name":"Spacecraft Dynamics and Control","score":0.8241999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11082","display_name":"Spacecraft Dynamics and Control","score":0.8241999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.053300000727176666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10040","display_name":"Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems","score":0.04399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.6269000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lagrange-multiplier","display_name":"Lagrange multiplier","score":0.5922999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decomposition","display_name":"Decomposition","score":0.5462999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5385000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilevel-optimization","display_name":"Bilevel optimization","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.511900007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.46860000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.4657000005245209}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.6269000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73684929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598870","display_name":"Lagrange multiplier","level":2,"score":0.5922999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124681953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339062","display_name":"Decomposition","level":2,"score":0.5462999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5385000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3309286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4907693","display_name":"Bilevel optimization","level":3,"score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.519599974155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.511900007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.46860000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4657000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.43790000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.435699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777798563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7603916","display_name":"State vector","level":2,"score":0.4253999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4212999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.41609999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778258933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16918986","display_name":"Decomposition method (queueing theory)","level":2,"score":0.40709999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.39660000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.3377000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55660270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164377","display_name":"Constrained optimization","level":2,"score":0.31119999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22597639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5449227","display_name":"Filter design","level":3,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141934464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305386","display_name":"Local optimum","level":2,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41614226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5449244","display_name":"Filtering problem","level":4,"score":0.2667999863624573}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2026.3691158","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3691158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G844026573","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2341214","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8845615846","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024CX06077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Flexible":[0],"landing":[1,46],"on":[2],"small":[3],"celestial":[4],"bodies":[5],"involves":[6],"mixed":[7,48,192],"state":[8,49],"constraints":[9,21,193],"arising":[10],"from":[11],"bounded":[12],"structural":[13],"deformation":[14],"and":[15,36,60,92,160,194,199,206],"unit-quaternion":[16],"attitude":[17,200],"representation.":[18],"Incorporating":[19],"these":[20],"into":[22,130],"unbiased":[23],"minimum-variance":[24],"(UMV)":[25],"filtering":[26],"is":[27,34,52,123,148],"challenging":[28],"because":[29],"the":[30,65,99,108,113,127,140,145,152,156,168,186,191,203,207],"corresponding":[31],"gain-design":[32,67],"problem":[33,68,83,87,95,129],"high-dimensional":[35],"non-convex.":[37],"This":[38],"paper":[39],"develops":[40],"a":[41,61,77,89,119],"UMV-constrained":[42,169],"filter":[43,188,205],"for":[44],"flexible":[45],"with":[47,88,171],"constraints.":[50],"It":[51],"shown":[53],"that,":[54],"by":[55],"introducing":[56],"an":[57,85,93,172],"increment":[58,101],"vector":[59],"tailored":[62],"objective":[63],"function,":[64],"original":[66],"can":[69],"be":[70],"reformulated,":[71],"without":[72],"loss":[73],"of":[74,115,167,175],"optimality,":[75],"as":[76],"bilevel":[78,82,158],"optimization":[79,109],"problem.":[80],"The":[81],"comprises":[84],"inner":[86],"closed-form":[90,136],"solution":[91,117],"outer":[94,128],"that":[96,185],"optimizes":[97],"over":[98],"low-dimensional":[100],"vector,":[102],"thereby":[103],"enabling":[104],"dimensionality":[105],"reduction":[106],"in":[107],"variables.":[110],"By":[111],"analyzing":[112],"structure":[114],"its":[116],"space,":[118],"spatial":[120,161],"decomposition":[121,162],"strategy":[122,163],"developed":[124],"to":[125],"split":[126],"three":[131],"subproblems.":[132],"Two":[133],"subproblems":[134],"admit":[135],"solutions":[137],"derived":[138],"via":[139],"Lagrange":[141],"multipliers":[142],"method,":[143],"whereas":[144],"remaining":[146],"one":[147],"solved":[149],"numerically.":[150],"In":[151],"considered":[153],"flexible-landing":[154],"scenario,":[155],"proposed":[157,187],"reformulation":[159],"enable":[164],"efficient":[165],"computation":[166],"estimate,":[170],"average":[173],"runtime":[174],"<inline-formula":[176],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[177],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[178],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$1.23\\times":[179],"10^{-2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>s.":[180],"Simulation":[181],"results":[182],"further":[183],"demonstrate":[184],"explicitly":[189],"satisfies":[190],"provides":[195],"more":[196],"accurate":[197],"position":[198],"estimates":[201],"than":[202],"unconstrained":[204],"estimated":[208],"projection":[209],"method.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-05-08T00:00:00"}