{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155207634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3686334","title":"Power Allocation Game Between Multiple Radar System and Jammer for Target Tracking","display_name":"Power Allocation Game Between Multiple Radar System and Jammer for Target Tracking","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155207634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3686334"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2026.3686334","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3686334","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134251571","display_name":"Bo Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Traffic Control and Navigation School, Air Force Engineering University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1434-0391","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Traffic Control and Navigation School, Air Force Engineering University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068862876","display_name":"Gangsheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1074-2510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gangsheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1074-2510","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070968433","display_name":"H R Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haowei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8786-6736","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134290323","display_name":"Junwei Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junwei Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134274961","display_name":"Gang Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8195-365X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79322031,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"9813","last_page":"9825"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.3707999885082245,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.3707999885082245,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.1753000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.05999999865889549,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.6815000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5687999725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5394999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4388999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.41339999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-probability-of-intercept-radar","display_name":"Low probability of intercept radar","score":0.39719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fire-control-radar","display_name":"Fire-control radar","score":0.38440001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-systems","display_name":"Radar systems","score":0.38019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/man-portable-radar","display_name":"Man-portable radar","score":0.3790999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-lock-on","display_name":"Radar lock-on","score":0.3741999864578247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.6815000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6453999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5687999725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5394999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.44369998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4388999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.41339999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147345108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693040","display_name":"Low probability of intercept radar","level":5,"score":0.39719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84236424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1028695","display_name":"Fire-control radar","level":5,"score":0.38440001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984296375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar systems","level":3,"score":0.38019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161475128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6746448","display_name":"Man-portable radar","level":5,"score":0.3790999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185565061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6878284","display_name":"Radar lock-on","level":5,"score":0.3741999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092823","display_name":"Jamming","level":2,"score":0.3619000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.3612000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.35670000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.3310999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81076408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229387","display_name":"3D radar","level":5,"score":0.3287999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139931591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029151","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","level":4,"score":0.32670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114445506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196868","display_name":"Secondary surveillance radar","level":3,"score":0.3203999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151120012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2143008","display_name":"Passive radar","level":5,"score":0.31060001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987759513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar signal processing","level":4,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142433447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7806653","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","level":3,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5249743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2125374","display_name":"Radar configurations and types","level":5,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143425610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3509293","display_name":"Air traffic control radar beacon system","level":5,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989048297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930654","display_name":"Radar detection","level":3,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176381164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1486507","display_name":"Radar jamming and deception","level":5,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2026.3686334","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3686334","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2578754504","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62471348","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5315846344","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62571544","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"a":[3,15,21,37,46,79,93,102],"power":[4,50,81,89,144],"allocation":[5,51],"strategy":[6],"for":[7],"target":[8],"tracking,":[9],"focusing":[10],"on":[11],"the":[12,28,42,58,61,66,71,84,121,126,136],"interaction":[13],"between":[14],"multiple":[16],"radar":[17],"system":[18],"(MRS)":[19],"and":[20,39,60,114,123,143],"self-defense":[22],"jammer.":[23],"A":[24],"closed-form":[25],"expression":[26],"of":[27,125],"Bayesian":[29],"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao":[30],"Lower":[31],"Bound":[32],"(BCRLB)":[33],"is":[34,118],"derived":[35],"as":[36,41,65],"function":[38],"employed":[40],"optimization":[43,112],"metric.":[44],"Within":[45],"Stackelberg":[47,127],"game":[48],"framework,":[49],"models":[52],"are":[53,129],"formulated":[54],"under":[55,78],"two":[56],"configurations\u2014with":[57],"MRS":[59],"jammer,":[62],"respectively,":[63],"acting":[64],"leader.":[67],"In":[68],"both":[69],"scenarios,":[70],"leader":[72],"aims":[73],"to":[74,87],"optimize":[75],"tracking":[76,95,141],"accuracy":[77],"total":[80],"budget,":[82],"while":[83,91],"follower":[85],"seeks":[86],"minimize":[88],"consumption":[90],"maintaining":[92],"predefined":[94],"performance":[96,142],"threshold.":[97],"To":[98],"solve":[99],"this":[100],"problem,":[101],"hybrid":[103],"iterative":[104],"algorithm":[105,117],"integrating":[106],"Karush\u2013Kuhn\u2013Tucker":[107],"(KKT)":[108],"conditions,":[109],"particle":[110],"swarm":[111],"(PSO),":[113],"cyclic":[115],"minimization":[116],"proposed.":[119],"Furthermore,":[120],"existence":[122],"uniqueness":[124],"equilibrium":[128],"rigorously":[130],"analyzed.":[131],"Numerical":[132],"results":[133],"demonstrate":[134],"that":[135],"proposed":[137],"approach":[138],"effectively":[139],"balances":[140],"consumption.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2026-04-23T00:00:00"}
