{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7150767943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3680887","title":"On the Performance of Active RIS-Empowered PDMA-Based Satellite Communication Networks With Imperfect CSI and Hardware Impairments","display_name":"On the Performance of Active RIS-Empowered PDMA-Based Satellite Communication Networks With Imperfect CSI and Hardware Impairments","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7150767943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3680887"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2026.3680887","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3680887","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024625417","display_name":"Wanwei Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9392-2749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137506752","display_name":"North China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04z4wmb81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137506752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanwei Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9392-2749","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137506752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106670276","display_name":"Jianxing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2201-3887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137506752","display_name":"North China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04z4wmb81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137506752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei Key Laboratory of Industrial Intelligent Perception, College of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5098-4452","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Industrial Intelligent Perception, College of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137506752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qingwang Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2002-1576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137506752","display_name":"North China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04z4wmb81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137506752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingwang Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei Key Laboratory of Industrial Intelligent Perception, College of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2002-1576","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Industrial Intelligent Perception, College of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137506752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133036153","display_name":"Lixia Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lixia Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Data Information Processing and Control of Hebei Province, Tangshan University, Tangshan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Data Information Processing and Control of Hebei Province, Tangshan University, Tangshan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133025854","display_name":"Xinyu Men","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Men","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Data Information Processing and Control of Hebei Province, Tangshan University, Tangshan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Data Information Processing and Control of Hebei Province, Tangshan University, Tangshan, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64190735,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"9132","last_page":"9151"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.7633000016212463,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.7633000016212463,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.11190000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.01850000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.567799985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imperfect","display_name":"Imperfect","score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4162999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.367900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telephony","display_name":"Telephony","score":0.288100004196167}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6694999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.567799985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780310539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12547192","display_name":"Imperfect","level":2,"score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.453000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4162999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.367900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3504999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3474000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195358072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944584","display_name":"Telephony","level":2,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50661577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901831","display_name":"Time-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986254709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209588","display_name":"Satellite broadcasting","level":3,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983306500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52946","display_name":"Voice communication","level":2,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.258899986743927}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2026.3680887","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3680887","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4129086037","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F2025105034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Satellite":[0],"Communication":[1],"Networks":[2],"(SCNs)":[3],"play":[4],"a":[5,221,249,256],"crucial":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8,70,148,205,252],"achieving":[9],"ubiquitous":[10],"coverage":[11],"and":[12,29,41,63,80,87,123,153,163,182,212,241],"connectivity":[13],"for":[14,51,131],"integrated":[15],"space-air-ground-sea.":[16],"However,":[17],"because":[18],"of":[19,32,35,43,96,104,119,127,141,151,239,244,262],"the":[20,26,30,38,71,74,92,102,113,116,120,128,132,142,149,159,164,195,215,242],"high":[21,168],"path":[22],"loss":[23],"caused":[24],"by":[25],"propagation":[27],"distance":[28],"lack":[31],"intelligent":[33],"control":[34],"wireless":[36],"signals,":[37],"spectral":[39],"efficiency":[40],"capacity":[42],"SCNs":[44],"are":[45,98,134,172],"limited.":[46],"To":[47],"overcome":[48],"these":[49,157],"limitations,":[50],"practical":[52],"considerations,":[53],"this":[54],"paper":[55],"introduces":[56],"an":[57,201],"Active":[58],"Reconfigurable":[59],"Intelligent":[60],"Surface":[61],"(ARIS)":[62],"Pattern":[64],"Division":[65],"Multiple":[66],"Access":[67],"(PDMA)":[68],"technology":[69],"SCN":[72],"under":[73,136],"imperfect":[75,192],"Channel":[76],"State":[77],"Information":[78],"(ipCSI)":[79],"Hardware":[81],"Impairment":[82],"(HI).":[83],"For":[84],"both":[85,210],"continuous":[86],"discrete":[88],"phase":[89,138],"shifts":[90],"models,":[91],"reflection":[93],"phase-shift":[94],"controllers":[95],"ARIS":[97,143],"designed":[99],"to":[100,111,198,200,218,225,248,266],"align":[101],"phases":[103],"different":[105,137],"equivalent":[106],"composite":[107],"channels.":[108],"In":[109],"order":[110,181],"characterize":[112],"network":[114,161],"performance,":[115],"closed-form":[117],"expressions":[118,126],"outage":[121,196],"probability":[122,197],"accurate":[124],"approximate":[125],"ergodic":[129,216],"rate":[130,217],"users":[133],"derived":[135],"shift":[139],"models":[140],"elements,":[144,240],"as":[145,147,234],"well":[146],"presence":[150],"ipCSI":[152,211],"HI.":[154],"Relying":[155],"on":[156],"analyses,":[158],"main":[160],"characteristics":[162],"performance":[165,254,261],"boundaries":[166],"at":[167,220],"transmit":[169,235],"power":[170],"regimes":[171],"captured,":[173],"thereby":[174],"providing":[175],"some":[176],"valuable":[177],"insights":[178],"involving":[179],"diversity":[180,207],"multiplexing":[183,227],"gain.":[184],"Our":[185],"simulation":[186],"results":[187],"show":[188],"that:":[189],"1)":[190],"The":[191,260],"CSI":[193],"causes":[194],"converge":[199],"error":[202],"floor,":[203],"resulting":[204],"zero":[206,226],"order;":[208],"meanwhile,":[209],"HI":[213],"cause":[214],"saturate":[219],"throughput":[222],"ceiling,":[223],"leading":[224],"gain;":[228],"2)":[229],"Elevating":[230],"key":[231],"parameters":[232],"such":[233],"power,":[236],"amplification":[237],"factor":[238],"number":[243],"elements":[245],"can":[246],"lead":[247],"further":[250],"improvement":[251],"ARIS-PDMA-SCN":[253,263],"within":[255],"certain":[257],"range;":[258],"3)":[259],"is":[264],"superior":[265],"benchmark":[267],"networks.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-26T06:15:08.310788","created_date":"2026-04-07T00:00:00"}
