{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140546429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3677860","title":"Antijamming Routing-Based Graph Neural Network for Satellite Constellation Defense","display_name":"Antijamming Routing-Based Graph Neural Network for Satellite Constellation Defense","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140546429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3677860"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2026.3677860","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3677860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130707302","display_name":"Senbai Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Senbai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Systems Engineering, Academy of Military Science, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Systems Engineering, Academy of Military Science, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123930805","display_name":"Aijun Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aijun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communications Engineering, Army Engineering University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7235-9424","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communications Engineering, Army Engineering University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123050808","display_name":"Chen Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sixty-Third Research Institute, National University of Defense Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1858-1929","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sixty-Third Research Institute, National University of Defense Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130681049","display_name":"Kang An","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang An","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sixty-Third Research Institute, National University of Defense Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4720-0635","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sixty-Third Research Institute, National University of Defense Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130719289","display_name":"Zhi Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0011-7383","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076455133","display_name":"Guoru Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1780-2547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoru Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communications Engineering, Army Engineering University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1780-2547","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communications Engineering, Army Engineering University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jiangzhou Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0881-3594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangzhou Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0881-3594","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016154330","display_name":"Symeon Chatzinotas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-0001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Symeon Chatzinotas","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics & Information, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-0001","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics & Information, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5130707302"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61954587,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"8707","last_page":"8713"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.7616000175476074,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.7616000175476074,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.041600000113248825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11082","display_name":"Spacecraft Dynamics and Control","score":0.013100000098347664,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5781000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.558899998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-constellation","display_name":"Satellite constellation","score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.45829999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.44850000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.3991999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.3871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-broadcasting","display_name":"Satellite broadcasting","score":0.37549999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7279000282287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5781000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.558899998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779784338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967145","display_name":"Satellite constellation","level":3,"score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4740999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.45829999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.44850000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.3991999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.3871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986254709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209588","display_name":"Satellite broadcasting","level":3,"score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.35839998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51675839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665681","display_name":"Intelligent Network","level":2,"score":0.3319000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88230418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131476","display_name":"Graph theory","level":2,"score":0.3093999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.30720001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.3043999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76522221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5035396","display_name":"Multipath routing","level":5,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984173633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22725","display_name":"Routing algorithm","level":4,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983435990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22725","display_name":"Network routing","level":3,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020028006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9158","display_name":"Electronic mail","level":2,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2026.3677860","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3677860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4081979735","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62471477","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6105015241","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201592","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6146617061","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171466","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7583601137","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62471480","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G772705739","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201593","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,19,38,43,58,66,72,93,104,108],"routing":[4,82],"problem":[5],"for":[6],"mega":[7],"low":[8],"earth":[9,51],"orbit":[10,52],"(LEO)":[11],"satellite":[12,62,73],"constellations":[13],"in":[14,99],"adversarial":[15,49],"environments.":[16],"Due":[17],"to":[18,30,70,106],"predictable":[20],"orbital":[21],"motion":[22],"of":[23,45,61,101],"LEO":[24],"satellites,":[25],"they":[26],"are":[27],"highly":[28],"susceptible":[29],"malicious":[31],"jamming":[32,46],"from":[33,48],"other":[34],"constellations.":[35],"We":[36],"analyze":[37],"end-to-end":[39],"delay":[40,102],"performance":[41],"under":[42],"threat":[44],"attacks":[47],"medium":[50],"(MEO)":[53],"constellation.":[54],"To":[55],"cope":[56],"with":[57],"dynamic":[59],"changes":[60],"networks,":[63],"we":[64],"employ":[65],"graph":[67],"neural":[68],"network":[69,74],"process":[71],"topology":[75],"graphs":[76],"and":[77,103],"propose":[78],"an":[79],"intelligent":[80],"anti-jamming":[81],"scheme":[83],"based":[84],"on":[85],"deep":[86],"reinforcement":[87],"learning.":[88],"Simulation":[89],"results":[90],"demonstrate":[91],"that":[92],"proposed":[94],"strategy":[95],"outperforms":[96],"baseline":[97],"strategies":[98],"terms":[100],"ability":[105],"avoid":[107],"jammed":[109],"satellites":[110],"during":[111],"routing.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-19T06:13:58.757530","created_date":"2026-03-27T00:00:00"}