{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140289106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3677361","title":"A Synthetic Framework for Real-World Radar Target Recognition Using HRRP","display_name":"A Synthetic Framework for Real-World Radar Target Recognition Using HRRP","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140289106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3677361"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2026.3677361","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3677361","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102908657","display_name":"Wentao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2294-1824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wentao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2294-1824","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130611437","display_name":"Junyan Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junyan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8269-8276","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100371500","display_name":"Shanshan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9021-8470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4921-0047","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130544557","display_name":"Biao Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Biao Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7259-3739","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130605889","display_name":"Zengping Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zengping Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2892-8252","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49546933,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"8875","last_page":"8889"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.5148000121116638,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.5148000121116638,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.062300000339746475,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.026200000196695328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.5759000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-target-recognition","display_name":"Automatic target recognition","score":0.5461999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.506600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.4544999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-lock-on","display_name":"Radar lock-on","score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moving-target-indication","display_name":"Moving target indication","score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.3659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/target-acquisition","display_name":"Target acquisition","score":0.3637999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-doppler-radar","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","score":0.349700003862381}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6043999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5995000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.5759000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117623542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621974","display_name":"Automatic target recognition","level":3,"score":0.5461999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.534600019454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.506600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.4544999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.39719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185565061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6878284","display_name":"Radar lock-on","level":5,"score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162416716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446180","display_name":"Moving target indication","level":5,"score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.3659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779726219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7685884","display_name":"Target acquisition","level":2,"score":0.3637999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139931591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029151","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","level":4,"score":0.349700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34220001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109094680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6060432","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","level":4,"score":0.3379000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.32739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987759513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar signal processing","level":4,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.31310001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147345108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693040","display_name":"Low probability of intercept radar","level":5,"score":0.3075000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81076408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229387","display_name":"3D radar","level":5,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50151734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1759577","display_name":"Matched filter","level":3,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989048297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930654","display_name":"Radar detection","level":3,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71052889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16905219","display_name":"Early-warning radar","level":5,"score":0.27459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51196962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16966352","display_name":"Stationary target indication","level":5,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984296375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar systems","level":3,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36067731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7572176","display_name":"Space-based radar","level":5,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2526000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84236424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1028695","display_name":"Fire-control radar","level":5,"score":0.25099998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131493965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279983","display_name":"Radar horizon","level":5,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2026.3677361","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3677361","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2902140659","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371477","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4600802705","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019ZT08X751","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335795","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335795","display_name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,18],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"radar":[3],"automatic":[4],"target":[5],"recognition":[6],"(RATR)":[7],"using":[8],"high-resolution":[9],"range":[10],"profile":[11],"(HRRP)":[12],"has":[13],"become":[14],"a":[15,75,116,148,153],"research":[16],"focus.":[17],"real-world,":[19],"HRRPs":[20,103],"frequently":[21],"exhibit":[22],"open":[23],"set":[24],"and":[25,54,122,152,190],"long-tailed":[26],"characteristics,":[27],"collectively":[28],"referred":[29],"to":[30,93,108,141,165],"as":[31,104],"realistic":[32],"HRRPrecognition":[33],"(RHR).":[34],"The":[35,182],"main":[36],"challenges":[37],"in":[38],"such":[39],"RHR":[40,77],"task":[41],"include:":[42],"(1)":[43],"ensuring":[44],"that":[45],"tail":[46],"classes":[47],"receive":[48],"sufficient":[49],"training":[50],"for":[51,80,97],"feature":[52],"representation,":[53],"(2)":[55],"mitigating":[56],"the":[57,81,110,125,143,160,174,179,188],"overconfidence":[58,126],"of":[59,146,163,192],"deep":[60],"neural":[61],"network":[62],"(DNN)":[63],"model":[64,91],"when":[65],"encountering":[66],"unknown":[67],"classes.":[68],"To":[69,133],"tackle":[70],"these":[71],"issues,":[72],"we":[73,86,136],"propose":[74,87],"synthetic":[76],"framework":[78],"(RHRF)":[79],"HRRP-based":[82],"RATR":[83],"system.":[84],"First,":[85],"an":[88],"HRRP-conditional":[89],"diffusion":[90],"(HCDM)":[92],"generate":[94],"additional":[95],"signals":[96],"tail-class":[98],"augmentation.":[99],"HCDM":[100],"introduces":[101],"zero-masked":[102],"sparse":[105],"conditional":[106],"priors":[107],"guide":[109],"reverse":[111],"denoising":[112],"process,":[113],"thereby":[114],"achieving":[115],"favorable":[117],"balance":[118],"between":[119],"generation":[120],"stability":[121],"diversity.":[123],"Moreover,":[124],"issue":[127],"arises":[128],"from":[129],"unconstrained":[130],"logits":[131,164,168,175],"magnitudes.":[132],"mitigate":[134],"this,":[135],"design":[137],"two":[138],"targeted":[139,194],"strategies":[140],"suppress":[142,166],"excessive":[144,167],"growth":[145],"logits:":[147],"logits-truncation":[149],"layer":[150],"(LTL)":[151],"parameter-constraint":[154],"loss":[155],"(PCL).":[156],"LTL":[157],"directly":[158],"truncates":[159],"maximum":[161],"value":[162],"growth,":[169],"while":[170],"PCL":[171],"implicitly":[172],"limits":[173],"magnitudes":[176],"by":[177],"constraining":[178],"DNN":[180],"parameters.":[181],"experiments":[183],"across":[184],"diverse":[185],"scenarios":[186],"validate":[187],"effectiveness":[189],"robustness":[191],"each":[193],"module":[195],"within":[196],"RHRF.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-26T06:15:08.310788","created_date":"2026-03-26T00:00:00"}