{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7135101235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3673300","title":"HAS-DDQN: Throughput-Handover Balancing in LEO Satellite Networks for High-Speed Rail","display_name":"HAS-DDQN: Throughput-Handover Balancing in LEO Satellite Networks for High-Speed Rail","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7135101235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3673300"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2026.3673300","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3673300","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128887622","display_name":"Yunhe Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125904092","display_name":"Shenyang Aerospace University","ror":"https://ror.org/02423gm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunhe Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8068-266X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119792237","display_name":"Qingbin Lian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125904092","display_name":"Shenyang Aerospace University","ror":"https://ror.org/02423gm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingbin Lian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8906-2186","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089032960","display_name":"Ammar Hawbani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1069-3993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125904092","display_name":"Shenyang Aerospace University","ror":"https://ror.org/02423gm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ammar Hawbani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1069-3993","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dongsheng Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1262-5975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongsheng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1262-5975","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026486620","display_name":"Wajdy Othman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0274-7947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164952","display_name":"Tianjin haihe hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05m762q77","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164952"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wajdy Othman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Haihe Lab of ITAI, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0274-7947","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Haihe Lab of ITAI, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164952"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Liang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5829-6850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125904092","display_name":"Shenyang Aerospace University","ror":"https://ror.org/02423gm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5829-6850","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40915428,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"7807","last_page":"7821"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.7369999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.7369999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10651","display_name":"IPv6, Mobility, Handover, Networks, Security","score":0.017400000244379044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.013799999840557575,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.4027999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.3903999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.3675999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-broadcasting","display_name":"Satellite broadcasting","score":0.3571000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-configurations-and-types","display_name":"Radar configurations and types","score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.27720001339912415}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5706999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.4027999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.39320001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.3903999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3788999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.3675999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986254709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209588","display_name":"Satellite broadcasting","level":3,"score":0.3571000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5249743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2125374","display_name":"Radar configurations and types","level":5,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77304879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211485","display_name":"Space technology","level":2,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161475128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6746448","display_name":"Man-portable radar","level":5,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36067731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7572176","display_name":"Space-based radar","level":5,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986605239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q925667","display_name":"Numerical models","level":3,"score":0.2524000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118365302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817115","display_name":"Atmospheric model","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2026.3673300","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3673300","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.42301350831985474,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1246252618","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22B20115","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2668983657","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62303331","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3159549394","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024-BS-156","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323086","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323086","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low":[0],"Earth":[1],"Orbit":[2],"(LEO)":[3],"satellites":[4,29],"are":[5,47],"expected":[6],"to":[7,15,55,115,121,139],"provide":[8],"seamless":[9],"connectivity":[10],"for":[11,178],"High-Speed":[12],"Rail":[13],"(HSR)":[14],"accelerate":[16],"the":[17,23,56,66,77,91,157],"development":[18],"of":[19,27,58,61,70,94,166],"intelligent":[20],"railways.":[21],"However,":[22],"inherent":[24],"high":[25],"mobility":[26],"LEO":[28],"and":[30,37,50,96,172],"HSR":[31,71,95,117,146,179],"results":[32,154],"in":[33,164],"frequent":[34],"satellite":[35,99],"handovers,":[36],"when":[38],"all":[39],"users":[40,72],"initiate":[41],"handover":[42,45,79,118,127,167,173],"access":[43,150],"simultaneously,":[44],"delays":[46],"further":[48],"exacerbated":[49],"pose":[51],"a":[52,84,105,130],"serious":[53],"challenge":[54],"quality":[57],"service":[59],"(QoS)":[60],"users.":[62,180],"Therefore,":[63],"we":[64,82,103],"decouple":[65],"QoS":[67,177],"optimization":[68],"problem":[69],"into":[73],"two":[74],"sub-problems":[75],"within":[76],"HSR-satellite":[78],"system.":[80],"Firstly,":[81],"established":[83],"dynamic":[85],"bidirectional":[86],"coverage":[87,100],"model":[88],"based":[89,109],"on":[90,110],"motion":[92],"characteristics":[93],"satellite,":[97],"determining":[98],"time.":[101],"Subsequently,":[102],"employed":[104],"multi-objective":[106],"reinforcement":[107],"learning":[108],"Double":[111],"Deep":[112],"Q-Network":[113],"(DDQN)":[114],"optimize":[116],"policy,":[119],"aiming":[120],"maximize":[122],"system":[123],"throughput":[124],"while":[125],"minimizing":[126],"times.":[128],"Concurrently,":[129],"decentralized":[131],"Hierarchical":[132],"Aggregate":[133],"Signature":[134],"(HAS)":[135],"mechanism":[136],"is":[137],"adopted":[138],"efficiently":[140],"manage":[141],"simultaneous":[142],"authentication":[143,151],"requests":[144],"from":[145],"users,":[147],"thereby":[148],"reducing":[149],"delay.":[152],"Simulation":[153],"demonstrate":[155],"that":[156],"proposed":[158],"integrated":[159],"HAS-DDQN":[160],"outperforms":[161],"similar":[162],"schemes":[163],"terms":[165],"times,":[168],"throughput,":[169],"blocking":[170],"rate,":[171],"delay":[174],"comprehensively":[175],"improving":[176]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-12T06:07:45.972803","created_date":"2026-03-13T00:00:00"}