{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133503850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3670795","title":"DOA\u2013DOD Estimation for Bistatic MIMO Radar: Entropy-Based Tight Closed-Form Lower Bound","display_name":"DOA\u2013DOD Estimation for Bistatic MIMO Radar: Entropy-Based Tight Closed-Form Lower Bound","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133503850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3670795"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2026.3670795","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3670795","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128068001","display_name":"Yushan Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yushan Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1650-4049","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128114579","display_name":"Dazhuan Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dazhuan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2748-0182","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128115215","display_name":"Xiaofei Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1464-1987","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128112141","display_name":"Jiaqi Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7931-5472","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008080106","display_name":"Jinke Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8033-0960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinke Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8033-0960","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.33776273,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"7176","last_page":"7190"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.925599992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.925599992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.018699999898672104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.01140000019222498,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistatic-radar","display_name":"Bistatic radar","score":0.5182999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cram\u00e9r\u2013rao-bound","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","score":0.42329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.41920000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4077000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.366100013256073}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.5182999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.450300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.42329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.41920000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4077000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.39820000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.37869998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.366100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.3422999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.3183000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.30250000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984296375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar systems","level":3,"score":0.26919999718666077}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2026.3670795","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3670795","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.5410628318786621}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5107320286","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271254","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,98],"performance":[1,25,143],"analysis":[2],"and":[3,65,105,114,131],"evaluation":[4],"criteria":[5,148],"of":[6,44],"parameter":[7,46],"estimation":[8,49,68,95,103],"in":[9,70],"bistatic":[10,71],"multiple-input":[11],"multiple-output":[12],"(MIMO)":[13],"radar":[14,151],"are":[15],"critical.":[16],"Current":[17],"approaches":[18],"primarily":[19],"rely":[20],"on":[21,48],"Bayesian":[22],"bounds":[23],"as":[24],"benchmarks,":[26],"but":[27],"their":[28],"computation":[29],"involves":[30],"high-dimensional":[31],"integration":[32],"or":[33],"test-point":[34],"optimization,":[35],"increasing":[36],"complexity.":[37],"Additionally,":[38],"closed-form":[39,88],"expressions":[40],"lack":[41],"explicit":[42],"characterization":[43],"system":[45,107],"influences":[47],"performance.":[50],"This":[51],"work":[52],"presents":[53],"an":[54],"information":[55],"entropy":[56,80,89],"theory-based":[57],"framework":[58],"for":[59,93,149],"evaluating":[60],"joint":[61,94],"direction-of":[62],"arrival":[63],"(DOA)":[64],"direction-of-departure":[66],"(DOD)":[67],"errors":[69],"MIMO":[72],"radar.":[73],"By":[74],"constructing":[75],"a":[76,133,141],"normalized":[77],"posterior":[78],"differential":[79],"(DE)":[81],"model":[82,99],"across":[83],"signal-to-noise":[84],"ratio":[85],"(SNR)":[86],"regimes,":[87],"error":[90],"bound":[91,125,135],"(EEB)":[92],"is":[96],"derived.":[97],"quantifies":[100],"relationships":[101],"between":[102],"accuracy":[104],"key":[106],"parameters,":[108],"including":[109],"antenna":[110],"counts,":[111],"snapshot":[112],"numbers,":[113],"array":[115,152],"aperture":[116],"width.":[117],"Simulations":[118],"confirm":[119],"EEB":[120],"convergence":[121],"to":[122],"Cram\u00b4":[123],"er-Rao":[124],"(CRB)":[126],"at":[127,137],"high":[128],"SNR":[129],"regime":[130],"the":[132],"priori":[134],"(APB)":[136],"low":[138],"SNR,":[139],"establishing":[140],"unified":[142],"benchmark.":[144],"Results":[145],"offer":[146],"theoretical":[147],"optimizing":[150],"configurations.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T06:05:55.347736","created_date":"2026-03-05T00:00:00"}