{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131072689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3666831","title":"Real-Time Kinematic Orbit Determination for LEO by Integrating Broadcast Ephemerides, Galileo HAS, and BDS-3 PPP-B2b","display_name":"Real-Time Kinematic Orbit Determination for LEO by Integrating Broadcast Ephemerides, Galileo HAS, and BDS-3 PPP-B2b","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131072689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3666831"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2026.3666831","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3666831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dingyi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1865-7660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dingyi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1865-7660","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100669167","display_name":"Haobo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5441-2818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haobo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103270700","display_name":"Jinglei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8272-2060"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinglei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiaoming Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1720-6630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1720-6630","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100604662","display_name":"Shuai Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9928-5437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shu Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091161624","display_name":"Suelynn Choy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3519-1479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suelynn Choy","raw_affiliation_strings":["RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3519-1479","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126597118","display_name":"Ying Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4983-6935","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126612391","display_name":"Zhe Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2241-8127","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.0982,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9735172,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"6788","last_page":"6803"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.49320000410079956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.49320000410079956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11701","display_name":"Space Satellite Systems and Control","score":0.3273000121116638,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.023099999874830246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orbit","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","score":0.7430999875068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ephemeris","display_name":"Ephemeris","score":0.7081000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.6919000148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.6133999824523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galileo","display_name":"Galileo (satellite navigation)","score":0.6043000221252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orbit-determination","display_name":"Orbit determination","score":0.54339998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinematics","display_name":"Kinematics","score":0.5182999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precise-point-positioning","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","score":0.4318000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.4221999943256378}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196644772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3884964","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","level":2,"score":0.7430999875068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64828349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120200","display_name":"Ephemeris","level":3,"score":0.7081000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.6919000148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.6133999824523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177219330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193902","display_name":"Galileo (satellite navigation)","level":2,"score":0.6043000221252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5806000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107768556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302660","display_name":"Orbit determination","level":3,"score":0.54339998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.5182999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202511199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239503","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","level":4,"score":0.4318000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4221999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.415800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.40610000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199301463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218414","display_name":"Medium Earth orbit","level":4,"score":0.37880000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.3537999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36301306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179435","display_name":"Satellite navigation","level":3,"score":0.3529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16405173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192316","display_name":"Geostationary orbit","level":3,"score":0.3391000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.3377000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.33239999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.32899999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59108619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2261398","display_name":"Circular orbit","level":2,"score":0.32429999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131040042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202746","display_name":"Occultation","level":2,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018325918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663611","display_name":"Low earth orbit","level":3,"score":0.31279999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94042562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472251","display_name":"Geosynchronous orbit","level":3,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112819843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174241","display_name":"Sun-synchronous orbit","level":4,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780898871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Performance metric","level":2,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154978347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1579577","display_name":"Geocentric orbit","level":3,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2526000142097473}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2026.3666831","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3666831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6827109874","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42474015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Real-time":[0],"kinematic":[1],"orbit":[2,13,54,170,212,244],"determination":[3,55,245],"(KOD)":[4],"based":[5],"on":[6,96],"broadcast":[7],"ephemerides":[8],"(BRD)":[9],"enables":[10],"onboard,":[11],"high-rate":[12],"updates":[14],"for":[15,155,176,246],"Low":[16],"Earth":[17],"Orbit":[18],"(LEO)":[19],"missions":[20],"but":[21,77,88],"with":[22,151,196],"limited":[23],"accuracy.":[24],"With":[25],"the":[26,30,37,82,114,123,168,177,197,203,211,224,229],"operational":[27],"availability":[28,126],"of":[29,127,179,199,228],"Galileo":[31],"High":[32],"Accuracy":[33],"Service":[34],"(HAS)":[35],"and":[36,63,109,125,129,132,142,181,191,226],"BDS-3":[38,182],"Precise":[39],"Point":[40],"Positioning":[41],"B2b":[42],"(PPP-B2b),":[43],"real-time,":[44],"high-accuracy":[45],"corrections":[46,76],"have":[47],"become":[48],"accessible":[49],"to":[50,91,104,184,193,208,217,241],"spaceborne":[51],"receivers,":[52],"enhancing":[53],"performance.":[56,112],"Nevertheless,":[57],"each":[58,156],"product":[59],"exhibits":[60,78],"distinct":[61],"strengths":[62],"limitations:":[64],"BRD":[65,183],"provides":[66],"global":[67,75,111],"coverage":[68],"at":[69],"relatively":[70],"low":[71],"accuracy;":[72],"HAS":[73,128,141,188],"delivers":[74],"degraded":[79],"performance":[80],"in":[81,202],"Asia\u2013Pacific;":[83],"PPP-B2b":[84,130,207],"achieves":[85],"high":[86,107],"accuracy":[87],"is":[89,189],"confined":[90],"a":[92,118,134,160,238],"regional":[93],"service":[94],"centered":[95],"China.":[97],"These":[98],"complementary":[99],"characteristics":[100],"motivate":[101],"their":[102],"integration":[103],"achieve":[105],"both":[106],"precision":[108],"robust":[110],"Using":[113],"LuTan-1A":[115],"mission":[116],"as":[117,149],"case":[119],"study,":[120],"we":[121],"assess":[122],"quality":[124],"products":[131],"propose":[133],"real-time":[135,243],"KOD":[136],"method":[137,232],"that":[138,167],"integrates":[139],"BRD,":[140],"PPP-B2b.":[143,200],"Carrier":[144],"phase":[145],"pseudo-ambiguities":[146],"are":[147],"modeled":[148],"random-walks,":[150],"noise":[152],"parameters":[153],"determined":[154],"ephemeris":[157],"source":[158],"through":[159],"para":[161],"metric":[162],"search":[163],"experiment.":[164],"Results":[165],"show":[166],"three-dimensional":[169],"error":[171,213],"decreases":[172],"from":[173,214],"25.06":[174],"cm":[175,186,195,216],"combination":[178],"GPS":[180],"18.86":[185],"when":[187],"incorporated,":[190],"further":[192],"17.09":[194],"addition":[198],"Specially,":[201],"Asia-Pacific":[204],"region,":[205],"adding":[206],"BRD+HAS":[209],"reduces":[210],"20.57":[215],"16.63":[218],"cm.":[219],"Overall,":[220],"these":[221],"findings":[222],"demonstrate":[223],"stability":[225],"adaptability":[227],"proposed":[230],"integrated":[231],"under":[233],"current":[234],"GNSS":[235],"configurations,":[236],"providing":[237],"practical":[239],"pathway":[240],"higher-precision,":[242],"future":[247],"LEO":[248],"missions.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-02-24T00:00:00"}