{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123346940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3652521","title":"Space-Time Array Radar Based on Direction Modulation: Concept and Analysis","display_name":"Space-Time Array Radar Based on Direction Modulation: Concept and Analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123346940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3652521"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2026.3652521","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3652521","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090039859","display_name":"Rujiang Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9813-5733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110458","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/01z143507","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rujiang Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048371289","display_name":"Jianming Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2685-4437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110458","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/01z143507","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122879812","display_name":"GUANGXIN WU","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110458","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/01z143507","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangxin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090039859"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110458"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06394529,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"4422","last_page":"4434"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.8388000130653381,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.8388000130653381,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.08829999715089798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.022600000724196434,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phased-array","display_name":"Phased array","score":0.7297000288963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6912000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fire-control-radar","display_name":"Fire-control radar","score":0.6304000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-electronically-scanned-array","display_name":"Active electronically scanned array","score":0.6189000010490417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-engineering-details","display_name":"Radar engineering details","score":0.6011000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.5317000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.5073000192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.49050000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-radar","display_name":"3D radar","score":0.47609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.4433000087738037}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55494473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727898","display_name":"Phased array","level":3,"score":0.7297000288963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6912000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84236424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1028695","display_name":"Fire-control radar","level":5,"score":0.6304000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60396740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164400","display_name":"Active electronically scanned array","level":5,"score":0.6189000010490417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.6011000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.5317000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5248000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.5073000192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4934999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.49050000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81076408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229387","display_name":"3D radar","level":5,"score":0.47609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.4433000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.43479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169466946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7307317","display_name":"Reflective array antenna","level":5,"score":0.41040000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147345108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693040","display_name":"Low probability of intercept radar","level":5,"score":0.39559999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185565061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6878284","display_name":"Radar lock-on","level":5,"score":0.3804999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.38040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143148639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876192","display_name":"Beam steering","level":3,"score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139931591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029151","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","level":4,"score":0.37229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3497999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.3425000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193860024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180973","display_name":"Phased-array optics","level":4,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780382809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367488","display_name":"Direction finding","level":3,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.3075999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66251956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451086","display_name":"Sensor array","level":2,"score":0.2962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161475128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6746448","display_name":"Man-portable radar","level":5,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5249743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2125374","display_name":"Radar configurations and types","level":5,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136664719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4795880","display_name":"Array gain","level":4,"score":0.2563000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145995521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639897","display_name":"Pulse compression","level":3,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145177509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050404","display_name":"Sparse array","level":2,"score":0.25429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119440689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876179","display_name":"Beam diameter","level":4,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2026.3652521","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3652521","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.674852728843689,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328844","display_name":"China Electronics Technology Group Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/0098hst83"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Direction":[0],"modulation":[1,4],"is":[2,32,132],"a":[3,33,66,118],"technique":[5],"where":[6,68],"the":[7,12,19,56,69,73,79,92,104,123,148,168],"beam":[8,16,30,71,98],"direction":[9],"changes":[10],"with":[11,193],"transmission":[13,21,101,111],"time,":[14],"providing":[15],"scanning":[17,31,99],"within":[18],"pulse":[20],"time":[22],"for":[23],"array":[24,27,60,120,136,153,195],"antennas.":[25],"For":[26],"radars,":[28],"intra-pulse":[29,83,97],"degree":[34,50],"of":[35,51,58,91,94,129,150,175],"freedom":[36],"that":[37,133,155,188],"has":[38],"not":[39,190],"been":[40],"fully":[41],"utilized":[42],"but":[43],"can":[44],"be":[45,160],"exploited.":[46],"Based":[47],"on":[48],"this":[49,53],"freedom,":[52],"paper":[54,166],"proposes":[55],"concept":[57],"space-time":[59],"(STA)":[61],"radar,":[62],"which":[63],"refers":[64],"to":[65,138,159,183],"radar":[67,88,131,141,179,186,196],"transmit":[70],"in":[72,78,163],"spatial":[74],"dimension":[75,81],"varies":[76],"flexibly":[77],"temporal":[80],"(including":[82],"and":[84,102,112,172],"inter-pulse).":[85],"The":[86],"STA":[87,130,176,178],"achieves":[89],"coverage":[90],"region":[93,106],"interest":[95],"through":[96,107,122],"during":[100],"covers":[103],"same":[105],"multi-beam":[108],"reception.":[109],"Both":[110],"reception":[113],"use":[114],"high-gain":[115],"beams,":[116],"sharing":[117],"single":[119],"antenna":[121],"T/R":[124],"components.":[125],"A":[126],"significant":[127],"advantage":[128],"it":[134],"enables":[135],"radars":[137,154],"perform":[139],"multiple":[140,157],"functions":[142,158],"simultaneously,":[143],"without":[144],"being":[145],"constrained":[146],"by":[147],"limitation":[149],"traditional":[151],"phased":[152],"require":[156],"executed":[161],"sequentially":[162],"time.":[164],"This":[165],"presents":[167],"concept,":[169],"principles,":[170],"simulations,":[171],"potential":[173],"advantages":[174],"radar.":[177],"represents":[180],"an":[181],"approach":[182],"achieving":[184],"important":[185],"capabilities":[187],"are":[189],"easily":[191],"achievable":[192],"current":[194],"architectures.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}
