{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7118187489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3650733","title":"Quantum Cognitive Radar: Adaptive Detection With Entanglement Under Thermal-Loss Channels","display_name":"Quantum Cognitive Radar: Adaptive Detection With Entanglement Under Thermal-Loss Channels","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7118187489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3650733"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2025.3650733","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3650733","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2959-3893","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012826964","display_name":"Yassir Al-Karawi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2959-3893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78277041","display_name":"University of Diyala","ror":"https://ror.org/01eb5yv70","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78277041"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yassir Al-Karawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communications Engineering, University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2959-3893","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications Engineering, University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78277041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074917497","display_name":"Raad S. Alhumaima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8000-5965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133452077","display_name":"Imam Sadiq University","ror":"https://ror.org/02mkkqv65","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133452077"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raad S. Alhumaima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cyber Security Techniques, Imam Ja&#x0027;afar Al-Sadiq University, Diyala, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8000-5965","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cyber Security Techniques, Imam Ja&#x0027;afar Al-Sadiq University, Diyala, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133452077"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036588740","display_name":"Hamed Al\u2010Raweshidy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3702-8192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamed Al-Raweshidy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Brunel University of London, Uxbridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3702-8192","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Brunel University of London, Uxbridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02944083,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"8568","last_page":"8573"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.3806000053882599,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.3806000053882599,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.16820000112056732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.12610000371932983,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.529699981212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.4968999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4575999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.43630000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.42250001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-noise","display_name":"Gaussian noise","score":0.4156000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.359499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-entanglement","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","score":0.35429999232292175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5913000106811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.529699981212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.4968999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.48339998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4575999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.43630000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.42250001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4199805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725903","display_name":"Gaussian noise","level":2,"score":0.4156000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.359499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121040770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215675","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","level":3,"score":0.35429999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.35260000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3407000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14539891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070305","display_name":"Chernoff bound","level":2,"score":0.31839999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107464732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235781","display_name":"Adaptive control","level":3,"score":0.3142000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3100999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169334058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353292","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","level":3,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89143813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105423","display_name":"Quantum sensor","level":5,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152139883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252973","display_name":"Mutual information","level":2,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2025.3650733","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3650733","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bura.brunel.ac.uk:2438/32660","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2959-3893","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401473","display_name":"Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","host_organization_name":"Brunel University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:bura.brunel.ac.uk:2438/32660","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2959-3893","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401473","display_name":"Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","host_organization_name":"Brunel University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0,36],"adaptive":[1,169],"Quantum-Cognitive":[2],"Radar":[3],"(QCR),":[4],"which":[5],"incorporates":[6],"a":[7,12,17,39,71,84,146],"two-mode":[8],"squeezed-vacuum":[9],"(TMSV)":[10],"transmitter,":[11],"joint":[13],"idler-signal":[14],"receiver,":[15],"and":[16,49,94,156,188],"Quantum":[18],"Neural":[19],"Network":[20],"(QNN)":[21],"controller":[22],"to":[23,112,145],"optimize":[24],"parameters":[25],"in":[26,115,192],"real":[27],"time,":[28],"is":[29,88],"introduced":[30],"through":[31],"this":[32],"exchange":[33],"of":[34,82],"correspondence.":[35],"expression":[37],"for":[38,46,141],"Gaussian":[40],"correlation":[41],"detector":[42],"has":[43],"been":[44],"found":[45],"thermal-loss":[47],"channels":[48],"compared":[50],"with":[51,110,162],"the":[52,80,126,172],"quantum":[53,96,165],"Chernoff":[54],"bound":[55],"(QCB).":[56],"Hardware-aware":[57],"simulations":[58],"show":[59],"that":[60,184],"QCR":[61,103,133],"achieves":[62,134],"higher":[63],"detection":[64],"probability":[65,74,81],"<inline-formula":[66,75,99,129,135,175],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[67,76,100,130,136,176],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[68,77,101,131,137,177],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$P_{D}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[69],"at":[70],"fixed":[72,180],"false-alarm":[73],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$P_{\\text{FA}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[78],"(i.e.,":[79],"declaring":[83],"target":[85],"when":[86],"it":[87,160],"absent)":[89],"than":[90],"both":[91],"coherent-state":[92],"radar":[93],"nonadaptive":[95],"baselines.":[97],"At":[98,125],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$P_{\\text{FA}}=0.05$</tex-math></inline-formula>,":[102],"provides":[104],"an":[105],"approximately":[106],"3":[107],"dB":[108],"advantage":[109],"up":[111],"40%":[113],"reduction":[114],"integration":[116],"time":[117],"while":[118],"maintaining":[119],"robustness":[120],"as":[121],"background":[122],"noise":[123],"increases.":[124],"operationally":[127],"stringent":[128],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$P_{\\text{FA}}=10^{-3}$</tex-math></inline-formula>,":[132],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$P_{D}=0.47$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[138],"versus":[139],"0.20":[140],"classical":[142],"radar,":[143],"corresponding":[144],"135%":[147],"relative":[148],"improvement.":[149],"The":[150,168],"receiver":[151],"requires":[152],"only":[153],"homodyne/heterodyne":[154],"sampling":[155],"digital":[157],"correlation,":[158],"making":[159],"compatible":[161],"noisy":[163],"intermediate-scale":[164],"(NISQ)":[166],"hardware.":[167],"policy":[170],"optimizes":[171],"parameter":[173],"vector":[174],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$(M,N_{S},B,T_{\\text{int}},G)$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[178],"under":[179],"energy":[181],"constraints,":[182],"demonstrating":[183],"online":[185],"adaptation":[186],"preserves":[187],"extends":[189],"quantum-illumination":[190],"advantages":[191],"nonstationary":[193],"sensing":[194],"environments.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-01-05T00:00:00"}
