{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415593520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3625527","title":"Patching-Based HRRP Nonexemplar Class-Incremental Recognition via Gaussian-Truncation","display_name":"Patching-Based HRRP Nonexemplar Class-Incremental Recognition via Gaussian-Truncation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415593520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3625527"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2025.3625527","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3625527","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002514828","display_name":"Jixi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4577-6368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jixi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027639981","display_name":"Weiwei Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5037-0972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiwei Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Digital Innovation, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","Center for Digital Innovation, Tongji University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Digital Innovation, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Digital Innovation, Tongji University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102761404","display_name":"Jiaqi Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4874-1154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqi Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020282170","display_name":"Feiming Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5032-5483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feiming Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100709161","display_name":"Tao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8236-8818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100445293","display_name":"Wenxian Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8741-776X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxian Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002514828"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16477532,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"879","last_page":"895"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9613000154495239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9613000154495239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9168999791145325,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9125999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mahalanobis-distance","display_name":"Mahalanobis distance","score":0.913100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5769000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.45579999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4526999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.43709999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4207000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.3991999924182892}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1921717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334846","display_name":"Mahalanobis distance","level":2,"score":0.913100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6827999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5769000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5636000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.45579999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4526999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.43709999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4207000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3991999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690207","display_name":"Perceptron","level":3,"score":0.39480000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3765000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117623542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621974","display_name":"Automatic target recognition","level":3,"score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.350600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780735816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28324931","display_name":"Incremental learning","level":2,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7149132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377840","display_name":"Forgetting","level":2,"score":0.3190999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.31619998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.28940001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110083411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744628","display_name":"Statistical classification","level":2,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2025.3625527","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3625527","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032291279","https://openalex.org/W2062112832","https://openalex.org/W2106431294","https://openalex.org/W2124712881","https://openalex.org/W2132329643","https://openalex.org/W2473930607","https://openalex.org/W2560647685","https://openalex.org/W2922230884","https://openalex.org/W2945258338","https://openalex.org/W2948734064","https://openalex.org/W2954252026","https://openalex.org/W2954929116","https://openalex.org/W2964189064","https://openalex.org/W2981745632","https://openalex.org/W3004711070","https://openalex.org/W3034856281","https://openalex.org/W3177306522","https://openalex.org/W3178686235","https://openalex.org/W3180392831","https://openalex.org/W4293005804","https://openalex.org/W4295855898","https://openalex.org/W4313028293","https://openalex.org/W4313193205","https://openalex.org/W4319299931","https://openalex.org/W4366310765","https://openalex.org/W4382203079","https://openalex.org/W4387829150","https://openalex.org/W4389162895","https://openalex.org/W4390871586","https://openalex.org/W4390872344","https://openalex.org/W4392607698","https://openalex.org/W4392979567","https://openalex.org/W4393160296","https://openalex.org/W4399340762","https://openalex.org/W4400680576","https://openalex.org/W4401507547","https://openalex.org/W4402092710","https://openalex.org/W4402259561","https://openalex.org/W4402261653","https://openalex.org/W4404688041","https://openalex.org/W4406137501","https://openalex.org/W4406171248","https://openalex.org/W4407354566","https://openalex.org/W4407404466","https://openalex.org/W4408716525","https://openalex.org/W4409076628","https://openalex.org/W4409326455"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,139],"high-resolution":[1],"range":[2],"profile":[3],"(HRRP)":[4],"automatic":[5],"target":[6],"recognition":[7],"(ATR),":[8],"non-exemplar":[9],"class-incremental":[10],"learning":[11,107],"(NECIL)":[12],"is":[13,147],"crucial":[14],"for":[15],"recognizing":[16],"incremental":[17,47,62],"classes":[18,23,38,58],"while":[19,135],"avoiding":[20],"previously":[21],"seen":[22],"forgetting":[24],"under":[25],"strict":[26],"storage":[27],"constraints.":[28],"Most":[29],"existing":[30],"NECIL":[31,80,172],"methods":[32],"train":[33],"feature":[34,66,157],"extractors":[35],"on":[36,160],"base":[37,57],"and":[39,64,91,162],"employ":[40],"nearest":[41],"class":[42,153],"mean":[43],"(NCM)":[44],"classifiers":[45],"during":[46],"phases.":[48],"This":[49],"setup":[50],"faces":[51],"two":[52],"limitations:":[53],"inductive":[54,112],"bias":[55],"toward":[56],"hinders":[59],"generalization":[60],"to":[61,110,130,151],"classes,":[63],"low-variance":[65,119],"dimensions":[67],"degrade":[68],"the":[69,118,132],"performance":[70],"of":[71,106],"NCM":[72,95,144],"classifier.":[73],"Thus,":[74],"this":[75],"paper":[76],"proposes":[77],"a":[78,92,141],"compact":[79],"framework,":[81],"HGCI,":[82],"integrating":[83],"an":[84],"HRRP":[85,164],"local-scattering":[86],"patching":[87,115],"multi-layer":[88],"perceptron":[89],"(HPM)":[90],"Gaussian-truncated":[93],"Mahalanobis":[94,137,143],"classification":[96],"module":[97],"(GTM).":[98],"HPM":[99],"models":[100],"general":[101],"local":[102],"scattering":[103],"mechanisms":[104],"instead":[105],"full":[108],"sequences":[109],"mitigate":[111],"bias.":[113],"However,":[114],"can":[116],"exacerbate":[117],"issue.":[120],"To":[121],"address":[122],"this,":[123],"GTM":[124,150],"incorporates":[125],"Gaussian":[126],"variance":[127,133],"adjustment":[128],"(GVA)":[129],"elevate":[131],"floor":[134],"preserving":[136],"distances.":[138],"addition,":[140],"feature-truncated":[142],"classifier":[145],"(TMM)":[146],"introduced":[148],"in":[149],"enhance":[152],"separability":[154],"through":[155],"non-negative":[156],"truncation.":[158],"Experiments":[159],"measured":[161],"simulated":[163],"datasets":[165],"show":[166],"that":[167],"HGCI":[168],"consistently":[169],"outperforms":[170],"leading":[171],"methods.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-28T00:00:00"}
