{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412375065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3587681","title":"PulseFormer: A Transformer-Based Architecture for Panoptic Segmentation in Radar Word Extraction","display_name":"PulseFormer: A Transformer-Based Architecture for Panoptic Segmentation in Radar Word Extraction","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412375065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3587681"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2025.3587681","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3587681","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067670738","display_name":"Yurui Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9250-0189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yurui Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9250-0189","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7152-8625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7152-8625","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhitao Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7135-5181"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhitao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7135-5181","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yu Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9580-8936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9580-8936","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113118033","display_name":"Didi Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9794-001X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Didi Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0802231,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"5","first_page":"14614","last_page":"14626"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9545999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6092228889465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.604702353477478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/panopticon","display_name":"Panopticon","score":0.5977243781089783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5679957866668701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5669162273406982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5149553418159485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4863470196723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-segmentation","display_name":"Text segmentation","score":0.45904770493507385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43234914541244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.42678743600845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.41075974702835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3559034466743469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2619466185569763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24849286675453186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09490928053855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.0907382071018219}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6092228889465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.604702353477478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138569888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828310","display_name":"Panopticon","level":3,"score":0.5977243781089783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5679957866668701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5669162273406982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5149553418159485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4863470196723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98501671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1948408","display_name":"Text segmentation","level":3,"score":0.45904770493507385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43234914541244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.42678743600845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.41075974702835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3559034466743469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2619466185569763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24849286675453186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09490928053855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0907382071018219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2025.3587681","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3587681","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6026347592","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271494","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2113592174","https://openalex.org/W2140702149","https://openalex.org/W2145172950","https://openalex.org/W2744335156","https://openalex.org/W2783620242","https://openalex.org/W2895211628","https://openalex.org/W2999219213","https://openalex.org/W3005076509","https://openalex.org/W3021364482","https://openalex.org/W3034171073","https://openalex.org/W3164071761","https://openalex.org/W3177318507","https://openalex.org/W3192469852","https://openalex.org/W4312891664","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4387609229","https://openalex.org/W4388205953","https://openalex.org/W4399450536","https://openalex.org/W4401878707","https://openalex.org/W4403531437","https://openalex.org/W4411725373"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2921107741","https://openalex.org/W2393940967","https://openalex.org/W2159591557","https://openalex.org/W2385598138","https://openalex.org/W2346578824","https://openalex.org/W2366925922","https://openalex.org/W2115592387","https://openalex.org/W2905950556","https://openalex.org/W2112534334","https://openalex.org/W120168696"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Radar":[0],"word":[1,23,46,117],"extraction":[2,47,61],"is":[3,63],"a":[4,42,104,127],"crucial":[5],"task":[6],"in":[7,20,137,172],"electronic":[8],"intelligence":[9],"for":[10,65],"multifunction":[11],"radars":[12],"(MFRs).":[13],"Although":[14],"neural":[15],"networks":[16],"have":[17],"shown":[18],"potential":[19],"improving":[21],"radar":[22,45,95,110,116,159,166,174],"extraction,":[24],"existing":[25],"methods":[26],"still":[27],"struggle":[28],"with":[29,143],"complex":[30],"electromagnetic":[31,139],"environments":[32],"and":[33,119,146],"background":[34,54,113],"interference.":[35],"To":[36],"conquer":[37],"these":[38],"issues,":[39],"we":[40],"propose":[41],"more":[43],"practical":[44],"framework":[48],"integrating":[49],"panoptic":[50],"segmentation":[51,118],"to":[52,73,89,108],"eliminate":[53],"interruption.":[55],"Furthermore,":[56],"an":[57],"efficient":[58],"Transformer-based":[59],"feature":[60],"module":[62],"designed":[64],"pulse":[66,81,148],"streams":[67],"(named":[68],"PulseFormer),":[69],"which":[70],"enhances":[71],"robustness":[72],"missing":[74],"or":[75],"spurious":[76],"pulses.":[77],"PulseFormer":[78],"segments":[79],"the":[80,91,124,155],"stream":[82],"into":[83],"fixed-length":[84],"patches,":[85],"leveraging":[86,169],"temporal":[87],"dependencies":[88],"capture":[90],"structural":[92],"features":[93,99],"of":[94,158],"words.":[96,175],"These":[97],"latent":[98],"are":[100],"then":[101],"processed":[102],"through":[103],"tailored":[105],"projection":[106],"header":[107],"distinguish":[109],"words":[111,167],"from":[112],"noise,":[114],"complementing":[115],"recognition.":[120],"Simulation":[121],"experiments":[122],"on":[123],"Mercury":[125],"radar,":[126],"representative":[128],"MFR,":[129],"demonstrate":[130],"that":[131],"our":[132,161],"method":[133,162],"outperforms":[134],"baseline":[135],"approaches":[136],"challenging":[138],"environments,":[140],"including":[141],"scenarios":[142],"corrupted":[144],"data":[145],"variable":[147],"train":[149],"lengths.":[150],"In":[151],"addition,":[152],"by":[153,168],"exploiting":[154],"fixed":[156],"structure":[157],"words,":[160],"can":[163],"extract":[164],"unknown":[165],"information":[170],"embedded":[171],"known":[173]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-28T23:10:05.387466","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}