{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411019581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3576315","title":"Physical Layer Security Analysis of Hybrid FSO/RF Systems in SAGIN With Channel Imperfection and Interference","display_name":"Physical Layer Security Analysis of Hybrid FSO/RF Systems in SAGIN With Channel Imperfection and Interference","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411019581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3576315"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2025.3576315","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3576315","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100353878","display_name":"Xin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4752-1554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information and Navigation College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an, China","Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4752-1554","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Navigation College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100376885","display_name":"Yongjun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9679-3337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongjun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information and Navigation College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an, China","Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9679-3337","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Navigation College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101970496","display_name":"Xinkang Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6064-4950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinkang Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information and Navigation College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an, China","Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6064-4950","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Navigation College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102962917","display_name":"Jianjia Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3794-1184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianjia Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information and Navigation College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an, China","Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3794-1184","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Navigation College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110364605","display_name":"Shanghong Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9505-1043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanghong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information and Navigation College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an, China","Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Navigation College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7196,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83962459,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"5","first_page":"13156","last_page":"13171"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9265999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9265999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.7383602261543274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.5452043414115906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5044573545455933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co-channel-interference","display_name":"Co-channel interference","score":0.4980430603027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.4980323314666748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.48889032006263733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-interference","display_name":"Electromagnetic interference","score":0.46293753385543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45772725343704224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjacent-channel-interference","display_name":"Adjacent-channel interference","score":0.4217764735221863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3137798607349396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.29610955715179443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.291776180267334}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.7383602261543274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.5452043414115906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5044573545455933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6532628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5137431","display_name":"Co-channel interference","level":4,"score":0.4980430603027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.4980323314666748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.48889032006263733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184892835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474513","display_name":"Electromagnetic interference","level":2,"score":0.46293753385543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45772725343704224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134222854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4683140","display_name":"Adjacent-channel interference","level":4,"score":0.4217764735221863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3137798607349396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.29610955715179443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.291776180267334}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2025.3576315","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3576315","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1590531741","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023-JC-QN-0084","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73186599","https://openalex.org/W2012298338","https://openalex.org/W2022715688","https://openalex.org/W2589913228","https://openalex.org/W2636927304","https://openalex.org/W2805169815","https://openalex.org/W2807425737","https://openalex.org/W3012466938","https://openalex.org/W3014415887","https://openalex.org/W3034104086","https://openalex.org/W3084783446","https://openalex.org/W3120420594","https://openalex.org/W3162455305","https://openalex.org/W3165543055","https://openalex.org/W3167083321","https://openalex.org/W3180802176","https://openalex.org/W3199339416","https://openalex.org/W3201625653","https://openalex.org/W3211517444","https://openalex.org/W4206324190","https://openalex.org/W4255303224","https://openalex.org/W4285118548","https://openalex.org/W4299421766","https://openalex.org/W4313307866","https://openalex.org/W4360995337","https://openalex.org/W4378174794","https://openalex.org/W4379196819","https://openalex.org/W4380084021","https://openalex.org/W4384080786","https://openalex.org/W4386649036","https://openalex.org/W4400878104","https://openalex.org/W4401210818"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2095316429","https://openalex.org/W2146836133","https://openalex.org/W1555606283","https://openalex.org/W1928848793","https://openalex.org/W1520671268","https://openalex.org/W196345067","https://openalex.org/W2757158020","https://openalex.org/W2131963436","https://openalex.org/W2058540564","https://openalex.org/W2153183968"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Physical":[0],"layer":[1],"security":[2],"(PLS)":[3],"of":[4,85,96],"satellite-air-ground":[5],"integrated":[6],"network":[7],"(SAGIN)":[8],"has":[9],"become":[10],"an":[11,25,147],"increasingly":[12],"concerned":[13],"issue":[14],"in":[15,30,62,69,94,113,138],"5G":[16],"and":[17,35,49,66,104,153],"beyond-5G":[18],"networks.":[19],"In":[20],"this":[21],"paper,":[22],"we":[23,55],"propose":[24],"analytical":[26],"framework":[27],"for":[28],"PLS":[29,84,135],"hybrid":[31,139],"free-space":[32],"optical":[33],"(FSO)":[34],"radio":[36],"frequency":[37],"(RF)":[38],"systems":[39],"based":[40,75],"on":[41,46],"SAGIN,":[42],"where":[43],"the":[44,63,70,83,114],"eavesdroppers":[45],"both":[47],"FSO":[48,64],"RF":[50,71],"links":[51],"are":[52],"considered.":[53],"Specifically,":[54],"consider":[56],"channel":[57],"state":[58],"information":[59],"(CSI)":[60],"imperfections":[61],"link":[65],"malicious":[67],"interference":[68],"link.":[72],"A":[73],"hard-switching":[74],"relay":[76,88,141,163],"scheme":[77,145],"is":[78,92,120],"designed":[79],"to":[80,122,160],"further":[81,124],"improve":[82],"FSO-FSO/RF":[86,140],"dual-hop":[87],"links.":[89,142],"System":[90],"performance":[91,136],"evaluated":[93],"terms":[95],"secrecy":[97,101,107],"outage":[98],"probability":[99],"(SOP),":[100],"throughput":[102],"(ST),":[103],"strict":[105],"positive":[106],"capacity":[108],"(SPSC).":[109],"Asymptotic":[110],"SOP":[111,148],"analysis":[112],"high":[115],"signal-to-noise":[116],"ratio":[117],"(SNR)":[118],"regime":[119],"conducted":[121],"provide":[123],"engineering":[125],"insights.":[126],"Numerical":[127],"results":[128],"reveal":[129],"that":[130],"imperfect":[131],"CSI":[132],"induces":[133],"a":[134],"bottleneck":[137],"The":[143],"proposed":[144],"achieves":[146],"improvement":[149],"exceeding":[150],"2.5":[151],"dB":[152],"enhances":[154],"system":[155],"ST":[156],"by":[157],"16.2%":[158],"compared":[159],"conventional":[161],"FSO-RF":[162],"scheme.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}