{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408593115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3548594","title":"Execute-Evaluate Two-Stage Framework for Intelligent Jamming Decision-Making Based on Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Execute-Evaluate Two-Stage Framework for Intelligent Jamming Decision-Making Based on Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408593115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3548594"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2025.3548594","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3548594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Boyang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2622-5785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Boyang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2622-5785","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074081366","display_name":"Kang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4045-3456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4045-3456","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091214066","display_name":"Bo Jiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5064-5702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Jiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5064-5702","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018469371","display_name":"Yinghua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7993-2809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinghua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7993-2809","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100411968","display_name":"Hongwei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4046-163X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongwei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4046-163X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1998,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86155066,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"4","first_page":"8624","last_page":"8640"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.3801000118255615,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.3801000118255615,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.32910001277923584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7740495204925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jamming","display_name":"Jamming","score":0.7633874416351318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6574711799621582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stage","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","score":0.4842376410961151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41598087549209595}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7740495204925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092823","display_name":"Jamming","level":2,"score":0.7633874416351318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6574711799621582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.4842376410961151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41598087549209595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2025.3548594","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3548594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1214121328","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62192714","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G42222459","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201429","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4245713565","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"QTZX22160","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32403112","https://openalex.org/W1004061212","https://openalex.org/W2014718688","https://openalex.org/W2063146632","https://openalex.org/W2063146925","https://openalex.org/W2096630263","https://openalex.org/W2137671125","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2161489724","https://openalex.org/W2162325942","https://openalex.org/W2950635152","https://openalex.org/W2951360122","https://openalex.org/W2979589930","https://openalex.org/W2980277928","https://openalex.org/W3100789280","https://openalex.org/W3105814356","https://openalex.org/W3111185452","https://openalex.org/W3148595793","https://openalex.org/W3156093604","https://openalex.org/W4205557809","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4300376264","https://openalex.org/W4319866426","https://openalex.org/W4360930651","https://openalex.org/W4366492991","https://openalex.org/W4367721878","https://openalex.org/W4380680527","https://openalex.org/W4386453595","https://openalex.org/W4390332124","https://openalex.org/W4391248629","https://openalex.org/W4393405171","https://openalex.org/W4394863019","https://openalex.org/W4401536888","https://openalex.org/W4403675545","https://openalex.org/W6638018090","https://openalex.org/W6910546390"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1984793747","https://openalex.org/W4312547492","https://openalex.org/W3197729047","https://openalex.org/W3016692377","https://openalex.org/W1624160917","https://openalex.org/W2370486284","https://openalex.org/W2143847498"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,17,38,58,71,84,87,101,104,107,117,121,124,129,137,148,157,172],"rapid":[2],"development":[3],"of":[4,20,43,73,128],"cognitive":[5],"radar,":[6],"its":[7],"antijamming":[8],"capabilities":[9,19],"have":[10],"continuously":[11],"improved,":[12],"posing":[13],"a":[14,112],"challenge":[15],"to":[16,82],"decision-making":[18],"jammers.":[21],"To":[22],"generate":[23],"effective":[24,75],"jamming":[25,29,39,49,59,76,139,162],"strategies,":[26],"an":[27,47],"intelligent":[28],"strategy":[30],"learning":[31],"method":[32],"is":[33,42,53,80,109],"proposed.":[34],"In":[35,69],"our":[36],"formulation,":[37],"performance":[40,175],"evaluation":[41,51],"vital":[44],"importance":[45],"and":[46,66,91,106,123,141],"online":[48],"effect":[50],"mechanism":[52],"first":[54],"established,":[55],"which":[56],"divides":[57],"process":[60],"into":[61],"two":[62],"stages:":[63],"1)":[64],"execution":[65],"2)":[67],"evaluation.":[68],"addition,":[70],"concept":[72],"minimum":[74],"power":[77,89],"spectral":[78],"density":[79],"introduced":[81],"help":[83],"jammer":[85,105,118,158],"determine":[86],"appropriate":[88],"levels":[90],"provide":[92],"auxiliary":[93],"information":[94],"for":[95,164],"decision-making.":[96],"Building":[97],"on":[98,147,171],"these":[99],"properties,":[100],"interaction":[102,133],"between":[103,134],"radar":[108,125,166],"modeled":[110],"as":[111,120],"Markov":[113],"decision":[114],"process,":[115],"where":[116],"acts":[119],"agent":[122],"constitutes":[126],"part":[127],"environment.":[130],"Through":[131],"continuous":[132],"both":[135],"sides,":[136],"optimal":[138,161],"types":[140],"transmit/receive":[142],"modes":[143],"are":[144],"explored":[145],"based":[146],"proximal":[149],"policy":[150],"optimization":[151],"algorithm.":[152],"Simulation":[153],"results":[154],"demonstrate":[155],"that":[156],"can":[159],"learn":[160],"strategies":[163,168],"various":[165],"transmission":[167],"without":[169],"relying":[170],"radar's":[173],"internal":[174],"indicators.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}