{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406258712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3527939","title":"A Two-Stage Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares Estimator for Robust Elliptic Localization in the Presence of Impulsive Noise","display_name":"A Two-Stage Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares Estimator for Robust Elliptic Localization in the Presence of Impulsive Noise","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406258712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3527939"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2025.3527939","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3527939","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3527939","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiaoyu Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8256-1095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100278","display_name":"Beijing Satellite Navigation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0188rvx33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","Key Laboratory of Satellite Navigation Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8256-1095","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Satellite Navigation Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021067080","display_name":"Zukun Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3277-0504"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100278","display_name":"Beijing Satellite Navigation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0188rvx33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zukun Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","Key Laboratory of Satellite Navigation Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3277-0504","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Satellite Navigation Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100696865","display_name":"Jun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7273-2142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7273-2142","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101981203","display_name":"Long Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6779-371X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100278","display_name":"Beijing Satellite Navigation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0188rvx33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","Key Laboratory of Satellite Navigation Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Satellite Navigation Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070406025","display_name":"Yu Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9276-7812"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Xinghe Electronics Company Ltd., Changsha, China","Hunan Xinghe Electronics Co.LTD, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9276-7812","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Xinghe Electronics Company Ltd., Changsha, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Xinghe Electronics Co.LTD, Changsha, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101947536","display_name":"Gang Ou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2958-7944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100278","display_name":"Beijing Satellite Navigation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0188rvx33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Ou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","Key Laboratory of Satellite Navigation Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Satellite Navigation Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00408926,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"3","first_page":"6601","last_page":"6616"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.719497561454773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6258752346038818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iteratively-reweighted-least-squares","display_name":"Iteratively reweighted least squares","score":0.5228036642074585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norm","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","score":0.5189416408538818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.4926329255104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.4924379289150238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.48984071612358093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-linear-least-squares","display_name":"Non-linear least squares","score":0.37401604652404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2421865463256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.07620194554328918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.719497561454773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6258752346038818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126090379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094424","display_name":"Iteratively reweighted least squares","level":4,"score":0.5228036642074585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5189416408538818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.4926329255104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.4924379289150238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.48984071612358093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45923927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3319230","display_name":"Non-linear least squares","level":3,"score":0.37401604652404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2421865463256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.07620194554328918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2025.3527939","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3527939","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2025.3527939","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3527939","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2832645367","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U20A20193","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3176441332","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171350","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8931727182","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62003354","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1460189015","https://openalex.org/W1996124770","https://openalex.org/W1999177119","https://openalex.org/W2001886371","https://openalex.org/W2006277118","https://openalex.org/W2015490770","https://openalex.org/W2019412934","https://openalex.org/W2028441171","https://openalex.org/W2029349326","https://openalex.org/W2032428744","https://openalex.org/W2043746281","https://openalex.org/W2051122481","https://openalex.org/W2063761188","https://openalex.org/W2075170373","https://openalex.org/W2084255519","https://openalex.org/W2095705027","https://openalex.org/W2119719351","https://openalex.org/W2119883478","https://openalex.org/W2120350100","https://openalex.org/W2127394248","https://openalex.org/W2131455269","https://openalex.org/W2152079373","https://openalex.org/W2168745297","https://openalex.org/W2187618798","https://openalex.org/W2210975171","https://openalex.org/W2279373238","https://openalex.org/W2279534025","https://openalex.org/W2295064273","https://openalex.org/W2296143655","https://openalex.org/W2432066172","https://openalex.org/W2582904525","https://openalex.org/W2906823297","https://openalex.org/W2964083363","https://openalex.org/W2987271886","https://openalex.org/W3000220764","https://openalex.org/W3021261347","https://openalex.org/W3086242280","https://openalex.org/W3111926903","https://openalex.org/W3162838359","https://openalex.org/W3166835402","https://openalex.org/W3177262287","https://openalex.org/W3198777137","https://openalex.org/W4213251304","https://openalex.org/W4226113112","https://openalex.org/W4226278484","https://openalex.org/W4288064630","https://openalex.org/W4294068638","https://openalex.org/W4312798118","https://openalex.org/W4313022561","https://openalex.org/W4323838708","https://openalex.org/W4379116671","https://openalex.org/W4387490566","https://openalex.org/W4388980251","https://openalex.org/W4390598268","https://openalex.org/W4399375243","https://openalex.org/W4400038576","https://openalex.org/W4401246460"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4380487384","https://openalex.org/W4378552425","https://openalex.org/W2030255580","https://openalex.org/W1809551201","https://openalex.org/W1546276525","https://openalex.org/W2026673180","https://openalex.org/W1959514624","https://openalex.org/W1993803475","https://openalex.org/W2394396033","https://openalex.org/W1593064843"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,106,176],"range-based":[2],"localization":[3,6,28],"approach,":[4],"elliptic":[5,27],"based":[7],"on":[8],"bistatic":[9],"ranges":[10],"(BRs)":[11],"has":[12],"wide":[13],"range":[14],"of":[15,25,83,93,142,163,175,180,197,214,225],"applications":[16],"in":[17,38,127,136,155,223],"multistatic":[18],"systems.":[19],"This":[20],"paper":[21],"addresses":[22],"the":[23,30,50,81,137,146,151,156,161,173,185,191,194,198,212,247],"problem":[24],"robust":[26,221],"using":[29],"minimum":[31],"<inline-formula":[32,43,51,96,200],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[33,44,52,97,201],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[34,45,53,98,202],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\ell":[35],"_{p}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-norm":[36,56,101,205],"criterion":[37],"scenarios":[39],"affected":[40],"by":[41],"impulsive":[42],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\alpha$</tex-math></inline-formula>-stable":[46],"noise.":[47],"To":[48,104],"solve":[49],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$":[54,99,203],"\\ell":[55,100,204],"formulation,":[57],"we":[58,112],"develop":[59],"an":[60,128],"asymptotically":[61],"efficient":[62],"two-stage":[63],"iteratively":[64,84,129],"reweighted":[65,85,130],"least":[66,77,86,132,218],"squares":[67,78,87,133,219],"(TSIRLS)":[68],"estimator":[69,91,135],"via":[70],"incorporating":[71],"pseudolinear":[72,119,131],"estimation":[73,79],"and":[74,145,182,220,228],"multi-stage":[75],"weighted":[76],"into":[80,118],"framework":[82],"(IRLS)":[88],"methods.":[89],"The":[90,140,167,230],"consists":[92],"two":[94],"cascaded":[95],"minimization":[102,206],"estimators.":[103],"obtain":[105],"closed-form":[107],"solution":[108],"at":[109],"each":[110],"iteration,":[111],"transform":[113],"nonlinear":[114],"BR":[115],"measurement":[116],"equations":[117],"forms":[120],"through":[121],"introducing":[122],"auxiliary":[123],"variables,":[124],"thus":[125],"resulting":[126],"(IRPLS)":[134],"first":[138],"stage.":[139],"dependencies":[141],"unknown":[143],"parameters":[144],"estimate":[147,188],"error":[148],"derived":[149],"from":[150,190],"IRPLS":[152],"are":[153],"utilized":[154],"second":[157],"stage":[158],"to":[159,235],"enhance":[160],"performance":[162,227],"target":[164],"location":[165],"estimate.":[166],"analytical":[168],"derivation":[169],"demonstrates":[170],"that,":[171],"under":[172],"assumptions":[174],"sufficiently":[177],"large":[178],"number":[179],"measurements":[181],"small":[183],"noise,":[184],"final":[186],"position":[187],"obtained":[189],"TSIRLS":[192,215,231],"achieves":[193],"theoretical":[195],"covariance":[196],"general":[199],"estimation.":[207],"Extensive":[208],"numerical":[209],"simulations":[210],"highlight":[211],"advantages":[213],"over":[216],"existing":[217],"estimators":[222],"terms":[224],"positioning":[226],"runtime.":[229],"is":[232],"also":[233],"observed":[234],"generate":[236],"approximately":[237],"unbiased":[238],"estimates":[239],"with":[240],"mean":[241],"square":[242],"errors":[243],"that":[244],"closely":[245],"approach":[246],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[248],"lower":[249],"bound.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}