{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406119338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3526910","title":"An Enhanced Lagrangian Index Policy for Beam Scheduling of Colocated MIMO Radars","display_name":"An Enhanced Lagrangian Index Policy for Beam Scheduling of Colocated MIMO Radars","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406119338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3526910"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2025.3526910","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3526910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103711768","display_name":"Min Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Min Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066334922","display_name":"Zengfu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0424-3010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zengfu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","Research & Development Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research & Development Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034492629","display_name":"Jing Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4615-8391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014916744","display_name":"Xiaoxu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7106-1017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoxu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014661660","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Ni\u00f1o\u2010Mora","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2172-3983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Ni\u00f1o-Mora","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","Departamento de Estadística, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Calle Madrid, 126, Getafe, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Estadística, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Calle Madrid, 126, Getafe, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103711768"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00168569,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"3","first_page":"6487","last_page":"6505"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9332000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9332000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lagrangian","display_name":"Lagrangian","score":0.6069576740264893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.49410107731819153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.4723198115825653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.4442756175994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.41862866282463074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3396757245063782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.32192346453666687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27000290155410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.22510305047035217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18856975436210632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14057928323745728}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53469067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q505735","display_name":"Lagrangian","level":2,"score":0.6069576740264893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.49410107731819153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.4723198115825653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.4442756175994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.41862866282463074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3396757245063782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.32192346453666687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27000290155410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.22510305047035217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18856975436210632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14057928323745728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2025.3526910","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3526910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2397780302","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62473317","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2777495420","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21B2008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W69162369","https://openalex.org/W576301840","https://openalex.org/W653761051","https://openalex.org/W1501454297","https://openalex.org/W1560025016","https://openalex.org/W1848630723","https://openalex.org/W1966283062","https://openalex.org/W1996859119","https://openalex.org/W2003798390","https://openalex.org/W2004225566","https://openalex.org/W2044502527","https://openalex.org/W2056333091","https://openalex.org/W2056921512","https://openalex.org/W2103604181","https://openalex.org/W2104389751","https://openalex.org/W2105266096","https://openalex.org/W2109499745","https://openalex.org/W2127428366","https://openalex.org/W2135063910","https://openalex.org/W2139106714","https://openalex.org/W2156427903","https://openalex.org/W2169303865","https://openalex.org/W2512867427","https://openalex.org/W2789562145","https://openalex.org/W2791448010","https://openalex.org/W2800455436","https://openalex.org/W2907186756","https://openalex.org/W2944773230","https://openalex.org/W2955184042","https://openalex.org/W2963697543","https://openalex.org/W3001922646","https://openalex.org/W3003411924","https://openalex.org/W3007664534","https://openalex.org/W3008169053","https://openalex.org/W3014764396","https://openalex.org/W3036787858","https://openalex.org/W3093608387","https://openalex.org/W3097951758","https://openalex.org/W3111024703","https://openalex.org/W3114888285","https://openalex.org/W3118763940","https://openalex.org/W3120120752","https://openalex.org/W3136386349","https://openalex.org/W3136862788","https://openalex.org/W3157981985","https://openalex.org/W3165308785","https://openalex.org/W4200398059","https://openalex.org/W4205597599","https://openalex.org/W4206562833","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4283695576","https://openalex.org/W4294982593","https://openalex.org/W4321019844","https://openalex.org/W4366147760","https://openalex.org/W4387682218","https://openalex.org/W4390204422","https://openalex.org/W4390871660","https://openalex.org/W4394939031","https://openalex.org/W6629414565","https://openalex.org/W6692789018","https://openalex.org/W6712054423","https://openalex.org/W6736499467","https://openalex.org/W6810317525","https://openalex.org/W6959252875"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2545343974","https://openalex.org/W4291895924","https://openalex.org/W1783583321","https://openalex.org/W2038397443","https://openalex.org/W2941374357","https://openalex.org/W2112785353","https://openalex.org/W2026727497","https://openalex.org/W2164866798","https://openalex.org/W1976502299","https://openalex.org/W4214657533"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optimal":[0],"multi-target":[1],"tracking":[2],"in":[3,18,23,89,181],"the":[4,19,43,55,63,77,95,107,119,130,135,159,165,168,191,194],"colocated":[5],"multiple-input":[6],"multiple-output":[7],"radar":[8],"system":[9],"with":[10,123],"limited":[11],"beam":[12,56,64],"resources":[13,57],"has":[14],"been":[15],"widely":[16],"considered":[17],"past":[20],"decades":[21],"but,":[22],"general,":[24],"still":[25],"remains":[26],"an":[27,83,141],"open":[28],"question":[29],"due":[30],"to":[31,38,58,75,105,114,129,145,174],"its":[32],"high":[33],"complexity.":[34],"Here,":[35],"we":[36],"aim":[37],"minimize":[39,76],"a":[40,68,101,115,124,182],"measure":[41],"of":[42,47,118,161,167,193],"overall":[44],"error":[45],"covariance":[46],"target":[48],"kinematic":[49],"state":[50],"estimation":[51],"by":[52,99],"appropriately":[53],"allocating":[54],"different":[59,176],"targets.":[60],"We":[61,92],"model":[62],"scheduling":[65],"problem":[66,72,122],"as":[67],"restless":[69,109],"multi-armed":[70],"bandit":[71,110],"that":[73,139],"aims":[74],"expected":[78],"total":[79],"discounted":[80],"cost":[81],"over":[82],"infinite":[84],"time":[85],"horizon":[86],"and":[87,179,185],"is":[88,150],"general":[90],"PSPACE-hard.":[91],"improve":[93],"upon":[94],"Whittle":[96,131],"relaxation":[97,177],"technique":[98],"proposing":[100],"more":[102,183],"stringent":[103],"method":[104,156,172],"decompose":[106],"correlated":[108],"processes.":[111],"It":[112],"leads":[113],"relaxed":[116],"version":[117],"original":[120],"optimization":[121],"tighter":[125],"performance":[126],"bound":[127],"compared":[128],"relaxation.":[132,169],"Meanwhile,":[133],"unlike":[134],"Lagrangian":[136,143,162],"dynamic":[137],"program":[138],"attaches":[140],"independent":[142],"multiplier":[144],"each":[146],"decision":[147],"epoch,":[148],"which":[149],"inapplicable":[151],"for":[152],"infinite-horizon":[153],"objectives,":[154],"our":[155],"trades":[157],"off":[158],"number":[160],"multipliers":[163],"against":[164],"tightness":[166],"The":[170],"proposed":[171,195],"allows":[173],"exploit":[175],"levels":[178],"results":[180],"efficient":[184],"effective":[186],"policy.":[187,196],"Numerical":[188],"experiments":[189],"demonstrate":[190],"effectiveness":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}