{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406610437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2024.3525444","title":"High Resolution DOA Estimation of Coherent Distributed Millimeter-Wave Radar","display_name":"High Resolution DOA Estimation of Coherent Distributed Millimeter-Wave Radar","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406610437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2024.3525444"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2024.3525444","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2024.3525444","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088100883","display_name":"Yi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6776-860X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics (Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut.), Ministry of Education, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6776-860X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics (Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut.), Ministry of Education, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100705291","display_name":"Weijie Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9616-8259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weijie Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics (Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut.), Ministry of Education, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9616-8259","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics (Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut.), Ministry of Education, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074728748","display_name":"Lingzhi Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3363-5067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingzhi Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics (Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut.), Ministry of Education, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3363-5067","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics (Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut.), Ministry of Education, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079747555","display_name":"Cao Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5264-3561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799321762","display_name":"WuXi AppTec (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04eh3ca90","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799321762"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cao Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Weifu High-technology Group Company Ltd., Wuxi, China","Weifu High-technology Group Co., Ltd, Wuxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Weifu High-technology Group Company Ltd., Wuxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799321762"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Weifu High-technology Group Co., Ltd, Wuxi, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110963723","display_name":"Jianjiang Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianjiang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics (Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut.), Ministry of Education, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3927-4215","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics (Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut.), Ministry of Education, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.2076,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97670368,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"3","first_page":"6098","last_page":"6109"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.9710000157356262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10988","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","score":0.9706000089645386,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.614326000213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5762031674385071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.5497924089431763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49062982201576233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-radar","display_name":"3D radar","score":0.4890361726284027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.44738179445266724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-resolution","display_name":"High resolution","score":0.432207316160202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.4309608042240143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-signal-processing","display_name":"Radar signal processing","score":0.43079033493995667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-warning-radar","display_name":"Early-warning radar","score":0.42567378282546997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-engineering-details","display_name":"Radar engineering details","score":0.38173621892929077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.343517005443573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.34006428718566895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.31509310007095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.29758572578430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22028261423110962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.614326000213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5762031674385071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.5497924089431763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49062982201576233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81076408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229387","display_name":"3D radar","level":5,"score":0.4890361726284027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.44738179445266724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020199158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"High resolution","level":2,"score":0.432207316160202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.4309608042240143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987759513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar signal processing","level":4,"score":0.43079033493995667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71052889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16905219","display_name":"Early-warning radar","level":5,"score":0.42567378282546997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.38173621892929077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.343517005443573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.34006428718566895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.31509310007095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.29758572578430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22028261423110962}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2024.3525444","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2024.3525444","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2040752532","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301260","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4788271575","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20220941","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515407204","https://openalex.org/W1964521756","https://openalex.org/W2098174516","https://openalex.org/W2103972604","https://openalex.org/W2135046866","https://openalex.org/W2516947732","https://openalex.org/W2581518765","https://openalex.org/W2604460297","https://openalex.org/W2605565881","https://openalex.org/W2742426150","https://openalex.org/W2889720685","https://openalex.org/W2898004290","https://openalex.org/W2959805703","https://openalex.org/W2973146207","https://openalex.org/W3040360205","https://openalex.org/W3097932407","https://openalex.org/W3118293846","https://openalex.org/W3118457613","https://openalex.org/W3120987266","https://openalex.org/W3161595308","https://openalex.org/W3166773335","https://openalex.org/W3209457294","https://openalex.org/W4322730826","https://openalex.org/W4380368898","https://openalex.org/W4381745321","https://openalex.org/W4389041094","https://openalex.org/W4389105015","https://openalex.org/W4389584577"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2532810734","https://openalex.org/W2023708958","https://openalex.org/W2890971392","https://openalex.org/W1797612156","https://openalex.org/W1986023002","https://openalex.org/W4281623435","https://openalex.org/W1617435291","https://openalex.org/W3152414068","https://openalex.org/W1993999197","https://openalex.org/W1997572303"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Achieving":[0],"high":[1,55],"angular":[2],"resolution":[3,56],"estimation":[4,59],"is":[5],"essential":[6],"for":[7,54,61,102],"enhancing":[8],"environmental":[9],"perception":[10],"and":[11,30,73,116,128,146],"accurately":[12],"detecting":[13],"extended":[14],"targets.":[15],"However,":[16],"implementing":[17],"a":[18,24,41,52,78,85,98],"large":[19],"aperture":[20],"radar":[21,38,65,163],"system":[22],"as":[23],"single":[25],"sensor":[26],"faces":[27],"significant":[28],"technical":[29],"economic":[31],"challenges.":[32],"Radar":[33],"networks,":[34],"comprising":[35],"multiple":[36],"individual":[37],"sensors,":[39],"offer":[40],"promising":[42],"solution":[43],"to":[44,76,139],"these":[45],"obstacles.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48],"article,":[49],"we":[50,96],"propose":[51],"method":[53,101,136,147],"direction-of-arrival":[57],"(DOA)":[58],"tailored":[60],"coherent":[62],"distributed":[63,74,162],"millimeter-wave":[64],"systems.":[66,164],"Our":[67,143],"approach":[68],"leverages":[69],"multiple-input":[70],"multiple-output":[71],"technology":[72],"arrays":[75],"construct":[77],"virtual":[79],"sparse":[80],"array":[81,88],"capable":[82],"of":[83,125,137,161],"synthesizing":[84],"full":[86],"uniform":[87],"covariance":[89],"matrix":[90,126],"through":[91,152],"specific":[92],"correlation":[93],"transformation.":[94],"Furthermore,":[95],"introduce":[97],"joint":[99],"optimization":[100,110],"directly":[103],"angle":[104],"finding":[105],"that":[106],"efficiently":[107],"addresses":[108],"large-scale":[109],"problems":[111],"by":[112],"exploiting":[113],"both":[114],"sparsity":[115],"low-rank":[117],"properties,":[118],"thereby":[119],"circumventing":[120],"the":[121,133,159],"traditional":[122],"sequential":[123],"steps":[124],"reconstruction":[127],"DOA":[129],"estimation.":[130],"We":[131],"employ":[132],"alternating":[134],"direction":[135],"multipliers":[138],"ensure":[140],"reliable":[141],"convergence.":[142],"proposed":[144],"model":[145],"have":[148],"been":[149],"extensively":[150],"validated":[151],"comprehensive":[153],"simulations,":[154],"highlighting":[155],"their":[156],"advantages":[157],"within":[158],"realm":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}