{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405303747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2024.3516704","title":"AOT: Aggregation Optimal Transport for Few-Shot SAR Automatic Target Recognition","display_name":"AOT: Aggregation Optimal Transport for Few-Shot SAR Automatic Target Recognition","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405303747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2024.3516704"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2024.3516704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2024.3516704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104264018","display_name":"Yuxin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5935-0684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuxin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100651081","display_name":"Wenchao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2744-2293"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenchao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xinyue Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2603-4670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyue Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100427253","display_name":"Bo Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5151-9388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100450584","display_name":"Dongsheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3380-5337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongsheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114166929","display_name":"Chunhui Qu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunhui Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031155898","display_name":"Fei Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8078-8435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153688","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Radio Metrology and Measurement","ror":"https://ror.org/02c8ctc21","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15089104","https://openalex.org/I4387153688"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Radio Measurement, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Radio Measurement, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100626335","display_name":"Penghui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9659-5608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Penghui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100411968","display_name":"Hongwei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4046-163X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongwei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104264018"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1936,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94581731,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"2","first_page":"5088","last_page":"5103"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9686999917030334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9387000203132629,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-target-recognition","display_name":"Automatic target recognition","score":0.7380264401435852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5564541816711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shot","display_name":"Shot (pellet)","score":0.5000104904174805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.45804518461227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43369194865226746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/one-shot","display_name":"One shot","score":0.41027626395225525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39702552556991577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3563847541809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3442240357398987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24489963054656982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.12757828831672668}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117623542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621974","display_name":"Automatic target recognition","level":3,"score":0.7380264401435852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5564541816711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778344882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278938","display_name":"Shot (pellet)","level":2,"score":0.5000104904174805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.45804518461227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43369194865226746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992734406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413267","display_name":"One shot","level":2,"score":0.41027626395225525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39702552556991577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3563847541809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3442240357398987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24489963054656982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.12757828831672668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2024.3516704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2024.3516704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4245713565","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"QTZX22160","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5631434781","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B18039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7794727296","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6220010437","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7843506534","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21B2006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G946136979","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"QTZX23037","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1553290054","https://openalex.org/W1566144858","https://openalex.org/W1912954554","https://openalex.org/W1965572316","https://openalex.org/W1968777148","https://openalex.org/W1971258941","https://openalex.org/W1990313671","https://openalex.org/W2021739315","https://openalex.org/W2027526914","https://openalex.org/W2053024573","https://openalex.org/W2074319623","https://openalex.org/W2079299474","https://openalex.org/W2086234878","https://openalex.org/W2100123951","https://openalex.org/W2106749053","https://openalex.org/W2111847198","https://openalex.org/W2122111042","https://openalex.org/W2124648367","https://openalex.org/W2142740798","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2342913866","https://openalex.org/W2410591237","https://openalex.org/W2548741369","https://openalex.org/W2623640857","https://openalex.org/W2730249686","https://openalex.org/W2762294195","https://openalex.org/W2787004668","https://openalex.org/W2804230435","https://openalex.org/W2904218366","https://openalex.org/W2931068004","https://openalex.org/W2963070905","https://openalex.org/W2963943197","https://openalex.org/W2964105864","https://openalex.org/W2979689312","https://openalex.org/W2990641522","https://openalex.org/W3000436394","https://openalex.org/W3012255272","https://openalex.org/W3089276642","https://openalex.org/W3108975329","https://openalex.org/W3121583704","https://openalex.org/W3127512060","https://openalex.org/W3131740536","https://openalex.org/W3152264159","https://openalex.org/W3178756862","https://openalex.org/W3192142973","https://openalex.org/W3204566536","https://openalex.org/W3204699193","https://openalex.org/W3205196764","https://openalex.org/W3207752736","https://openalex.org/W3208926440","https://openalex.org/W3213042253","https://openalex.org/W4206471589","https://openalex.org/W4210364697","https://openalex.org/W4224249138","https://openalex.org/W4226113955","https://openalex.org/W4245094487","https://openalex.org/W4293070081","https://openalex.org/W4296109314","https://openalex.org/W4386453433","https://openalex.org/W4392594204","https://openalex.org/W6630269016","https://openalex.org/W6640036494","https://openalex.org/W6682713193","https://openalex.org/W6682962330","https://openalex.org/W6736057607","https://openalex.org/W6751420435","https://openalex.org/W6752232076","https://openalex.org/W6758126075","https://openalex.org/W6764412387","https://openalex.org/W6766978945","https://openalex.org/W6767471572","https://openalex.org/W6768532476","https://openalex.org/W6779693928","https://openalex.org/W6783596713","https://openalex.org/W6810623107","https://openalex.org/W6845754150"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3137365474","https://openalex.org/W2886347302","https://openalex.org/W2784759481","https://openalex.org/W1545594509","https://openalex.org/W2497720472","https://openalex.org/W3038591045","https://openalex.org/W1988723959","https://openalex.org/W2053024573","https://openalex.org/W4292659306","https://openalex.org/W4387802373"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,119],"lack":[1],"of":[2,148,203],"labeled":[3,33,178],"data":[4,34,172,183],"presents":[5],"challenges":[6],"for":[7,101],"synthetic":[8],"aperture":[9],"radar":[10],"(SAR)":[11],"in":[12,62,78,90],"automatic":[13],"target":[14],"recognition.":[15],"To":[16],"address":[17],"this":[18,93],"problem,":[19],"few-shot":[20],"learning":[21],"(FSL)":[22],"approaches":[23],"have":[24],"been":[25],"developed":[26],"to":[27,173,177],"extract":[28],"more":[29,60],"knowledge":[30],"from":[31,139,169],"limited":[32],"and":[35,66,104,175,198],"prevent":[36],"overfitting.":[37],"However,":[38],"existing":[39],"SAR":[40,44,79,102],"FSL":[41,103],"methods":[42,74,83],"treat":[43],"images":[45],"as":[46],"optical":[47],"images,":[48,80],"disregarding":[49],"the":[50,63,68,88,115,127,130,146,156,159,181,201,204],"image":[51],"blurring":[52],"caused":[53],"by":[54,87,186],"different":[55],"imaging":[56,149],"mechanisms.":[57],"This":[58],"introduces":[59],"uncertainty":[61,89],"feature":[64],"space":[65],"affects":[67],"classification":[69,73],"results.":[70],"Existing":[71],"class-level":[72,162],"ignore":[75],"fine-grained":[76,152],"information":[77,138,153],"while":[81],"sample-level":[82],"are":[84],"negatively":[85],"impacted":[86],"SAR.":[91],"In":[92,126,155],"article,":[94],"we":[95],"propose":[96],"substructure-level":[97,134],"prototypes":[98,135,163],"match":[99],"(SSPM)":[100],"provide":[105],"an":[106],"implementation":[107],"named":[108,196],"aggregation":[109],"optimal":[110,116],"transport":[111,117],"(AOT)":[112],"based":[113],"on":[114,151,192],"algorithm.":[118],"AOT":[120,206],"contains":[121],"a":[122],"two-layer":[123],"OT":[124],"structure.":[125],"first":[128],"layer,":[129,158],"model":[131,160],"learns":[132,161],"multiple":[133],"(SLP)":[136],"using":[137,166],"unlabeled":[140,171,182],"data,":[141],"which":[142],"can":[143],"effectively":[144],"remove":[145],"effects":[147],"mechanisms":[150],"extraction.":[154],"second":[157],"(CLPs)":[164],"together":[165],"transfer":[167,189],"probabilities":[168],"both":[170],"SLPs":[174,176],"data.":[179],"Finally,":[180],"is":[184],"classified":[185],"two":[187,193],"probabilistic":[188],"matrices.":[190],"Experiments":[191],"public":[194],"databases":[195],"MSTAR":[197],"OpenSARShip":[199],"verify":[200],"effectiveness":[202],"proposed":[205],"method.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}