{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404035187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2024.3490540","title":"Transferable Anti-Intelligence Recognition Radar Waveform Design Based on Adversarial Attacks","display_name":"Transferable Anti-Intelligence Recognition Radar Waveform Design Based on Adversarial Attacks","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404035187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2024.3490540"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2024.3490540","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2024.3490540","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101415622","display_name":"Ruibin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4627-7227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruibin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023531675","display_name":"Yunjie Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3721-0178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunjie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100659177","display_name":"Jiabin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6974-9680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiabin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101415622"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7561,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80577353,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"2","first_page":"3798","last_page":"3812"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9743000268936157,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9498999714851379,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.6396501064300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.636936604976654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6050262451171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5869205594062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-target-recognition","display_name":"Automatic target recognition","score":0.48815613985061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.428086519241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3936206102371216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.33366286754608154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.25122642517089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19258949160575867}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.6396501064300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.636936604976654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6050262451171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5869205594062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117623542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621974","display_name":"Automatic target recognition","level":3,"score":0.48815613985061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.428086519241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3936206102371216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33366286754608154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.25122642517089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19258949160575867}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2024.3490540","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2024.3490540","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6600440996","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62306036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28412257","https://openalex.org/W140368079","https://openalex.org/W1988720110","https://openalex.org/W2059210598","https://openalex.org/W2077811569","https://openalex.org/W2103144557","https://openalex.org/W2113874083","https://openalex.org/W2142067208","https://openalex.org/W2161391652","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2586095846","https://openalex.org/W2746600820","https://openalex.org/W2765424254","https://openalex.org/W2774644650","https://openalex.org/W2888024549","https://openalex.org/W2963178695","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963542245","https://openalex.org/W2964205597","https://openalex.org/W2995058853","https://openalex.org/W2997583194","https://openalex.org/W3007264885","https://openalex.org/W3011402415","https://openalex.org/W3040306570","https://openalex.org/W3042290507","https://openalex.org/W3162258435","https://openalex.org/W3171288285","https://openalex.org/W3173338391","https://openalex.org/W3174436187","https://openalex.org/W3202890358","https://openalex.org/W3207962952","https://openalex.org/W3209337022","https://openalex.org/W3213282580","https://openalex.org/W4211191089","https://openalex.org/W4212883601","https://openalex.org/W4214870408","https://openalex.org/W4220983482","https://openalex.org/W4221156702","https://openalex.org/W4280588264","https://openalex.org/W4285105135","https://openalex.org/W4289821512","https://openalex.org/W4295956293","https://openalex.org/W4296339284","https://openalex.org/W4312443924","https://openalex.org/W4313141826","https://openalex.org/W4313855808","https://openalex.org/W4315784010","https://openalex.org/W4319068931","https://openalex.org/W4362563530","https://openalex.org/W4377079721","https://openalex.org/W4380084917","https://openalex.org/W4383337778","https://openalex.org/W4385728301","https://openalex.org/W4386996713","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6731927902","https://openalex.org/W6746608116","https://openalex.org/W6748288002","https://openalex.org/W6768366551","https://openalex.org/W6853649152"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W3126451824","https://openalex.org/W1561927205","https://openalex.org/W3191453585","https://openalex.org/W4297672492","https://openalex.org/W2151050075","https://openalex.org/W1966240847","https://openalex.org/W2069648736"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,57,134],"widespread":[1],"integration":[2],"of":[3,22,69,78,126,186],"deep":[4],"neural":[5],"networks":[6,140],"in":[7,14,18,153,191],"modern":[8],"electronic":[9],"reconnaissance":[10,71,142],"systems":[11,143,155],"has":[12],"resulted":[13],"a":[15,41,167],"significant":[16],"enhancement":[17],"the":[19,54,63,70,74,109,114,124,183,192],"perception":[20],"ability":[21],"these":[23],"systems,":[24],"thereby":[25],"improving":[26],"their":[27],"interference":[28],"effect":[29],"against":[30],"radar":[31,55,154,159],"systems.":[32],"In":[33,117],"response":[34],"to":[35,107],"this":[36,38],"challenge,":[37],"article":[39],"proposes":[40],"method":[42,59,75,177],"for":[43,53],"designing":[44],"an":[45],"antirecognition":[46],"waveform":[47],"(ARW)":[48],"based":[49,130,170],"on":[50,131,166,171],"adversarial":[51],"attacks":[52],"side.":[56,72],"proposed":[58],"can":[60,137],"effectively":[61],"degrade":[62],"automatic":[64],"modulation":[65],"recognition":[66],"(AMR)":[67],"performance":[68],"Specifically,":[73],"mainly":[76],"consists":[77],"two":[79],"operations:":[80],"1)":[81],"variance":[82],"tuning;":[83],"and":[84,91,103,112,160,181],"2)":[85],"weighted":[86,98],"forecasting":[87,99],"gradients":[88],"attack":[89],"(VWFGA),":[90],"random":[92],"packet":[93],"ensemble":[94],"(RPE).":[95],"VWFGA":[96],"incorporates":[97],"gradients,":[100],"gradient":[101,132],"variance,":[102],"adaptive":[104],"step":[105],"size":[106],"boost":[108],"ARW's":[110],"transferability":[111,122],"accelerate":[113],"algorithm's":[115],"convergence.":[116],"addition,":[118],"RPE":[119],"further":[120],"enhances":[121],"through":[123],"formulation":[125],"various":[127],"model":[128],"ensembles":[129],"similarities.":[133],"generated":[135],"ARW":[136],"mislead":[138],"AMR":[139],"within":[141],"while":[144],"maintaining":[145],"compatibility":[146],"with":[147],"signal":[148],"processing":[149],"methods":[150,180],"commonly":[151],"used":[152],"like":[156],"pulse":[157],"Doppler":[158],"synthetic":[161],"aperture":[162],"radar.":[163],"Extensive":[164],"experiments":[165],"simulated":[168],"dataset":[169],"domain":[172],"knowledge":[173],"demonstrate":[174],"that":[175],"our":[176],"outperforms":[178],"state-of-the-art":[179],"reduces":[182],"average":[184],"accuracy":[185],"17":[187],"models":[188],"by":[189],"32.82%":[190],"black-box":[193],"scenario.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}