{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401806304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2024.3448390","title":"EM-Based Algorithm for Unsupervised Clustering of Measurements from a Radar Sensor Network","display_name":"EM-Based Algorithm for Unsupervised Clustering of Measurements from a Radar Sensor Network","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401806304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2024.3448390"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2024.3448390","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2024.3448390","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110274020","display_name":"Linjie Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099069","display_name":"Institute of Acoustics","ror":"https://ror.org/00v8rqv75","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210099069"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Linjie Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7904-8178","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099069","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046014658","display_name":"Pia Addabbo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2463-8733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165932","display_name":"Giustino Fortunato University","ror":"https://ror.org/0592q0v50","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165932"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pia Addabbo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit&#x00E0; degli Studi &#x201C;Giustino Fortunato,&#x201D;, Benevento, Italy","Universit&#x00E0; degli Studi &#x201C;Giustino Fortunato&#x201D;, viale Raffale Delcogliano, 12, Benevento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2463-8733","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit&#x00E0; degli Studi &#x201C;Giustino Fortunato,&#x201D;, Benevento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165932"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit&#x00E0; degli Studi &#x201C;Giustino Fortunato&#x201D;, viale Raffale Delcogliano, 12, Benevento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165932"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022537033","display_name":"Nicomino Fiscante","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8255-2615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119003972","display_name":"Roma Tre University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf0dg29","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicomino Fiscante","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8255-2615","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023463565","display_name":"Carmine Clemente","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6665-693X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carmine Clemente","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland","Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde,204 George Street, Glasgow, Scotland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6665-693X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde,204 George Street, Glasgow, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100353504","display_name":"Chengpeng Hao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9643-1099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099069","display_name":"Institute of Acoustics","ror":"https://ror.org/00v8rqv75","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210099069"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengpeng Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9643-1099","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099069","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010157748","display_name":"Gaetano Giunta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1514-2576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119003972","display_name":"Roma Tre University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf0dg29","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaetano Giunta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1514-2576","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044520390","display_name":"Danilo Orlando","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-8505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danilo Orlando","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell&#x0027;Informazione, Universit&#x00E0; di Pisa, Pisa, Italy","Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell&#x0027;Informazione, Universit&#x00E0; di Pisa, Via Caruso 16, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-8505","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell&#x0027;Informazione, Universit&#x00E0; di Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell&#x0027;Informazione, Universit&#x00E0; di Pisa, Via Caruso 16, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110274020"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210099069"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9633,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79632507,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"1","first_page":"787","last_page":"801"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.5582000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.5582000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.555400013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.5110999941825867,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6659411191940308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6312553882598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5948687195777893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.46389034390449524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4458789527416229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-signal-processing","display_name":"Radar signal processing","score":0.42592093348503113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.419638454914093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.2999321520328522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1364305317401886}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6659411191940308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6312553882598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5948687195777893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.46389034390449524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4458789527416229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987759513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar signal processing","level":4,"score":0.42592093348503113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.419638454914093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.2999321520328522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1364305317401886}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2024.3448390","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2024.3448390","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:strathprints.strath.ac.uk:90359","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/view/author/713414.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402226","display_name":"Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","host_organization_name":"University of Strathclyde","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1272567","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11568/1272567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma3.it:11590/490293","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11590/490293","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196120","display_name":"Iris (Roma Tre University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I119003972","host_organization_name":"Roma Tre University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma3.it:11590/543618","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11590/543618","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196120","display_name":"Iris (Roma Tre University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I119003972","host_organization_name":"Roma Tre University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2248090048","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61971412","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G971479628","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201564","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1814500939","https://openalex.org/W1881770166","https://openalex.org/W1980129653","https://openalex.org/W2008414513","https://openalex.org/W2013458529","https://openalex.org/W2013734139","https://openalex.org/W2048605796","https://openalex.org/W2069319338","https://openalex.org/W2100686599","https://openalex.org/W2106360727","https://openalex.org/W2123703234","https://openalex.org/W2138319443","https://openalex.org/W2144052787","https://openalex.org/W2152672782","https://openalex.org/W2156755023","https://openalex.org/W2169396814","https://openalex.org/W2261364850","https://openalex.org/W2529036730","https://openalex.org/W2769907991","https://openalex.org/W2773132055","https://openalex.org/W2883615713","https://openalex.org/W2896289089","https://openalex.org/W2928094555","https://openalex.org/W2954857880","https://openalex.org/W2966472316","https://openalex.org/W2978439184","https://openalex.org/W3048658198","https://openalex.org/W3120766587","https://openalex.org/W3196743627","https://openalex.org/W4230539123","https://openalex.org/W4234836392","https://openalex.org/W4285140445","https://openalex.org/W4285249146","https://openalex.org/W4309878147","https://openalex.org/W4311185863","https://openalex.org/W4316468203","https://openalex.org/W4321019844","https://openalex.org/W4323022382","https://openalex.org/W4380905949","https://openalex.org/W4385286468","https://openalex.org/W4387448347","https://openalex.org/W4390871660","https://openalex.org/W6658144392","https://openalex.org/W6750296287","https://openalex.org/W6767438422","https://openalex.org/W6785874181"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W4298130764","https://openalex.org/W2804364458","https://openalex.org/W2053286651","https://openalex.org/W2181743346","https://openalex.org/W2187401768","https://openalex.org/W2132641928","https://openalex.org/W2133719452","https://openalex.org/W3149080441"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"deals":[2],"with":[3,31,89,121],"the":[4,36,57,71,78,84,90,105,112,133,141,161,171],"problem":[5,58],"of":[6,38,69,108,125,132,140,148],"clustering":[7,138,168],"data":[8,109],"returned":[9],"by":[10,29,111,130],"a":[11,17,42,45],"radar":[12],"sensor":[13],"network":[14,26],"that":[15,34,100,147,160],"monitors":[16],"region":[18],"where":[19],"multiple":[20],"moving":[21],"targets":[22,126],"are":[23,101],"present.":[24],"The":[25,93,137,155],"is":[27,144],"formed":[28],"nodes":[30],"limited":[32],"functionalities":[33],"transmit":[35],"estimates":[37],"target":[39],"positions":[40],"(after":[41],"detection)":[43],"to":[44,63,77,103,146],"fusion":[46,113],"center":[47],"without":[48],"any":[49],"association":[50],"between":[51],"measurements":[52],"and":[53,67,127],"targets.":[54],"To":[55],"solve":[56],"at":[59],"hand,":[60],"we":[61,82,116],"resort":[62],"model-based":[64],"learning":[65],"algorithms":[66],"instead":[68],"applying":[70],"plain":[72],"maximum":[73],"likelihood":[74],"approach,":[75],"due":[76],"related":[79],"computational":[80],"requirements,":[81],"exploit":[83],"latent":[85],"variable":[86],"model":[87],"coupled":[88],"expectation\u2013maximization":[91],"algorithm.":[92],"devised":[94],"estimation":[95],"procedure":[96],"returns":[97],"posterior":[98],"probabilities":[99],"used":[102],"cluster":[104],"huge":[106],"amount":[107],"collected":[110],"center.":[114],"Remarkably,":[115],"also":[117],"consider":[118],"challenging":[119],"scenarios":[120],"an":[122],"unknown":[123],"number":[124],"estimate":[128],"it":[129],"means":[131],"model-order":[134],"selection":[135],"rules.":[136],"performance":[139,169],"proposed":[142,163],"strategy":[143],"compared":[145],"conventional":[149],"data-driven":[150],"methods":[151],"over":[152],"synthetic":[153],"data.":[154],"numerical":[156],"examples":[157],"point":[158],"out":[159],"herein":[162],"solutions":[164],"can":[165],"provide":[166],"reliable":[167],"overcoming":[170],"considered":[172],"competitors.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-12T08:28:47.272897","created_date":"2024-08-24T00:00:00"}
