{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399665727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2024.3414961","title":"Measurement of GPS Antenna Gain Patterns for CYGNSS Using a Spaceborne Antenna Range","display_name":"Measurement of GPS Antenna Gain Patterns for CYGNSS Using a Spaceborne Antenna Range","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399665727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2024.3414961"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2024.3414961","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2024.3414961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tianlin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4925-5915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tianlin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and ElectroScience Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4925-5915","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and ElectroScience Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076495698","display_name":"Christopher S. Ruf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5937-4483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher S. Ruf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5937-4483","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019779509","display_name":"Andrew O\u2019Brien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0225-9211"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew J. O'Brien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Daaxa LLC, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Daaxa LLC, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076946918","display_name":"Scott Gleason","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8387-5093"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Gleason","raw_affiliation_strings":["Daaxa LLC, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8387-5093","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Daaxa LLC, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022152022","display_name":"Darren McKague","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0297-0388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darren S. McKague","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","Daaxa LLC, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0297-0388","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Daaxa LLC, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021982111","display_name":"Bruce Block","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce P. Block","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Physics Research Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","Daaxa LLC, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5537-8444","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Physics Research Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Daaxa LLC, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049423771","display_name":"Anthony Russel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1128-9527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Russel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Physics Research Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","Daaxa LLC, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1128-9527","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Physics Research Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Daaxa LLC, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7322,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91557195,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"5","first_page":"6883","last_page":"6893"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12450","display_name":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9542999863624573,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.5954089164733887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5320941805839539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5267547965049744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-gain","display_name":"Antenna gain","score":0.48075243830680847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47176602482795715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-rotator","display_name":"Antenna rotator","score":0.44741904735565186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-measurement","display_name":"Antenna measurement","score":0.4467346668243408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.41769033670425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-pattern","display_name":"Radiation pattern","score":0.3990255892276764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3780982196331024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2525328993797302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coaxial-antenna","display_name":"Coaxial antenna","score":0.24401149153709412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-factor","display_name":"Antenna factor","score":0.24116984009742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.20861297845840454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.5954089164733887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5320941805839539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5267547965049744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81183938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251537","display_name":"Antenna gain","level":5,"score":0.48075243830680847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47176602482795715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107328001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771262","display_name":"Antenna rotator","level":5,"score":0.44741904735565186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158616128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771260","display_name":"Antenna measurement","level":3,"score":0.4467346668243408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.41769033670425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151764478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571921","display_name":"Radiation pattern","level":3,"score":0.3990255892276764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3780982196331024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2525328993797302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93130614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5138671","display_name":"Coaxial antenna","level":4,"score":0.24401149153709412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196931383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771253","display_name":"Antenna factor","level":4,"score":0.24116984009742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.20861297845840454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2024.3414961","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2024.3414961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2846795809","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNL13AQ00C","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333962","funder_display_name":"Science Mission Directorate"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309652","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333962","display_name":"Science Mission Directorate","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026916357","https://openalex.org/W2030209988","https://openalex.org/W2041184482","https://openalex.org/W2119839961","https://openalex.org/W2145696754","https://openalex.org/W2225765004","https://openalex.org/W2321482666","https://openalex.org/W2542479991","https://openalex.org/W2767549414","https://openalex.org/W2772852327","https://openalex.org/W2885395251","https://openalex.org/W2900153597","https://openalex.org/W2900736080","https://openalex.org/W2900863526","https://openalex.org/W2905186097","https://openalex.org/W2912787468","https://openalex.org/W2985408959","https://openalex.org/W3019874365","https://openalex.org/W3036011920","https://openalex.org/W3158468663","https://openalex.org/W4240774641","https://openalex.org/W4295135024"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038535043","https://openalex.org/W2124102346","https://openalex.org/W3108695744","https://openalex.org/W1533110609","https://openalex.org/W2371791300","https://openalex.org/W1487417861","https://openalex.org/W2110130227","https://openalex.org/W2157791755","https://openalex.org/W4234791776","https://openalex.org/W1996882547"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,144,166],"NASA":[1],"Cyclone":[2],"Global":[3],"Navigation":[4],"Satellite":[5],"System":[6],"(CYGNSS)":[7],"mission":[8,88,218],"is":[9,119,208],"a":[10,29,52,56,153,183],"constellation":[11],"of":[12,31,39,55,83,93,140,168,200],"eight":[13],"small":[14,53,70],"satellites":[15],"that":[16,118,213],"receive":[17,102,150],"global":[18],"positioning":[19],"system":[20],"(GPS)":[21],"signals":[22],"reflected":[23,41],"off":[24],"the":[25,37,40,80,84,94,101,114,122,169,188,201,204,216],"earth":[26],"to":[27,51,162,187,210],"support":[28],"variety":[30],"science":[32,124,180,219],"applications.":[33],"For":[34],"remote":[35],"sensing,":[36],"strength":[38],"GPS":[42,65,95,127,146,179,192],"signal":[43],"contains":[44],"important":[45],"information":[46],"and":[47,100,129,148],"must":[48],"be":[49,160,175],"known":[50],"fraction":[54],"dB.":[57],"This":[58],"makes":[59],"it":[60],"very":[61],"different":[62],"from":[63],"traditional":[64],"navigation":[66],"applications,":[67],"in":[68],"which":[69,158],"amplitude":[71],"variations":[72],"have":[73],"minor":[74],"or":[75,196],"negligible":[76],"impact":[77],"depending":[78],"on":[79,105],"accuracy":[81,167],"requirements":[82,89],"specific":[85],"application.":[86],"Satisfying":[87],"necessitates":[90],"precise":[91],"knowledge":[92],"satellite":[96,128,131,193],"transmit":[97,147],"antenna":[98,103,115,132,155,171,194,197],"pattern":[99,104],"each":[106],"CYGNSS":[107,123,130,142,149,178,202,217],"satellite.":[108],"In":[109],"this":[110],"article,":[111],"we":[112],"present":[113],"calibration":[116],"approach":[117,207],"used":[120],"by":[121],"operations":[125],"center.":[126],"patterns":[133,172],"are":[134],"jointly":[135],"estimated":[136,170],"using":[137,177],"several":[138],"years":[139],"on-orbit":[141,206],"measurements.":[143],"orbiting":[145],"antennas":[151],"form":[152],"spaceborne":[154],"measurement":[156],"range,":[157],"can":[159,173],"utilized":[161],"determine":[163],"their":[164],"patterns.":[165],"then":[174],"quantified":[176],"data":[181,195],"as":[182],"metric.":[184],"When":[185],"compared":[186],"limited":[189],"publicly":[190],"available":[191],"chamber":[198],"measurements":[199],"satellites,":[203],"proposed":[205],"able":[209],"introduce":[211],"corrections":[212],"significantly":[214],"improve":[215],"performance.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-06T06:45:51.903784","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
