{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394564153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2024.3380583","title":"Multiscale Barrage Jamming Against SAR: A Jamming Signal Modulation Method and a Template Design Method","display_name":"Multiscale Barrage Jamming Against SAR: A Jamming Signal Modulation Method and a Template Design Method","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394564153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2024.3380583"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2024.3380583","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2024.3380583","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103115505","display_name":"Lijie Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2036-0895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijie Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2036-0895","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006158306","display_name":"Chen Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1918-5052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1918-5052","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006886898","display_name":"Guodong Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2423-412X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guodong Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2423-412X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070739275","display_name":"Pingping Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1486-7580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pingping Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1486-7580","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100672874","display_name":"Yu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8528-3227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8528-3227","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.3909,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98618567,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"4","first_page":"4543","last_page":"4558"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9708999991416931,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jamming","display_name":"Jamming","score":0.8441286087036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-jamming-and-deception","display_name":"Radar jamming and deception","score":0.616923451423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5665125250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5271655917167664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.5022144317626953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4882853031158447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4519032835960388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.44808781147003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-modulation","display_name":"Frequency modulation","score":0.42697852849960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.36665022373199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-doppler-radar","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","score":0.28965163230895996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.27687495946884155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26940032839775085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.2549748420715332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2269783616065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.22223728895187378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21438881754875183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.19959533214569092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.110434889793396}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092823","display_name":"Jamming","level":2,"score":0.8441286087036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176381164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1486507","display_name":"Radar jamming and deception","level":5,"score":0.616923451423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5665125250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5271655917167664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.5022144317626953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4882853031158447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4519032835960388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.44808781147003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.42697852849960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.36665022373199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139931591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029151","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","level":4,"score":0.28965163230895996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.27687495946884155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26940032839775085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.2549748420715332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2269783616065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.22223728895187378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21438881754875183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.19959533214569092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.110434889793396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2024.3380583","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2024.3380583","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8876210102","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"E2M4011046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W385663865","https://openalex.org/W644749154","https://openalex.org/W1537237531","https://openalex.org/W1580389772","https://openalex.org/W1968245988","https://openalex.org/W1974340448","https://openalex.org/W1981975558","https://openalex.org/W1993104727","https://openalex.org/W1993916311","https://openalex.org/W2007772822","https://openalex.org/W2030193514","https://openalex.org/W2035635995","https://openalex.org/W2079299474","https://openalex.org/W2120066054","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2137421631","https://openalex.org/W2137978004","https://openalex.org/W2350389166","https://openalex.org/W2358526609","https://openalex.org/W2375683517","https://openalex.org/W2378904960","https://openalex.org/W2541416401","https://openalex.org/W2546213571","https://openalex.org/W2925760315","https://openalex.org/W3082481581","https://openalex.org/W3118531153","https://openalex.org/W3215020108","https://openalex.org/W4210333761","https://openalex.org/W4283010682","https://openalex.org/W4291915107","https://openalex.org/W4308237181","https://openalex.org/W4377971295","https://openalex.org/W6683617902","https://openalex.org/W6996633619","https://openalex.org/W7016988552"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355227927","https://openalex.org/W2547584104","https://openalex.org/W2320792160","https://openalex.org/W2358221753","https://openalex.org/W2055550092","https://openalex.org/W2382050893","https://openalex.org/W2357521318","https://openalex.org/W2376884913","https://openalex.org/W2360153323","https://openalex.org/W2393502612"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,89],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,26,42,70,102,113,136,145],"barrage":[3,33],"jamming":[4,21,34,51,72,76,87,90,121,127,143],"against":[5],"the":[6,14,20,24,31,39,43,46,64,67,71,75,79,99,103,111,134,137,142,146],"synthetic":[7],"aperture":[8],"radar":[9],"(SAR)":[10],"is":[11],"to":[12,16,55,93,109],"conceal":[13],"targets":[15,44],"be":[17,56],"protected,":[18],"but":[19],"blocks":[22,91],"on":[23],"regions":[25],"interest":[27],"(ROIs)":[28],"generated":[29],"by":[30],"existing":[32],"methods":[35],"cannot":[36],"fully":[37],"destroy":[38],"structural":[40,80,100],"information":[41,101],"in":[45,50,107],"SAR":[47],"images,":[48],"resulting":[49],"effects":[52,77],"that":[53],"need":[54],"improved.":[57],"Aiming":[58],"at":[59],"this":[60,94],"deficiency,":[61],"we":[62,123],"analyze":[63],"relationship":[65],"between":[66],"statistical":[68],"characteristics":[69],"templates":[73],"and":[74,83,116,141],"using":[78],"similarity":[81],"(SSIM),":[82],"design":[84],"a":[85,118,125],"multi-scale":[86,147],"template.":[88,148],"corresponding":[92],"template":[95],"can":[96],"better":[97],"disturb":[98],"targets.":[104],"In":[105],"addition,":[106],"order":[108],"reduce":[110],"complexity":[112],"signal":[114,128,138],"modulation":[115,129,139],"ensure":[117],"large":[119],"effective":[120],"coverage,":[122],"propose":[124],"two-step":[126],"method.":[130],"Simulation":[131],"experiments":[132],"demonstrate":[133],"performances":[135],"method":[140],"effect":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T07:54:00.901334","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}