{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388017294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2023.3328571","title":"Smartphone-Based Indoor Localization Using Machine Learning and Multisource Information Fusion","display_name":"Smartphone-Based Indoor Localization Using Machine Learning and Multisource Information Fusion","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388017294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2023.3328571"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2023.3328571","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2023.3328571","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101781340","display_name":"Jun Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7113-0249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7113-0249","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114859479","display_name":"Zheng Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6933-6390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6933-6390","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062793011","display_name":"Xiaohuan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3190-6115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohuan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3190-6115","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0905,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87532365,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"3","first_page":"2722","last_page":"2734"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6776798367500305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6697924733161926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5660049319267273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5638086199760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bluetooth","display_name":"Bluetooth","score":0.5559120178222656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5181671380996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.48648640513420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuse","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","score":0.4576493799686432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.4462750554084778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","score":0.4433758854866028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.44093823432922363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3635343313217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.21769902110099792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14845794439315796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11176112294197083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0988180935382843}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6776798367500305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6697924733161926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5660049319267273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5638086199760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546215728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39531","display_name":"Bluetooth","level":3,"score":0.5559120178222656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5181671380996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.48648640513420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141353440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182221","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","level":2,"score":0.4576493799686432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.4462750554084778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4433758854866028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.44093823432922363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3635343313217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.21769902110099792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14845794439315796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11176112294197083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0988180935382843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2023.3328571","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2023.3328571","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1613623347","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u7a00\u758f\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u7684\u65e0\u7ebf\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61771258","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5132365174","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61801245","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5225546594","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61801377","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5460504034","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871235","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6245398885","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61801242","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8949608642","display_name":"\u9ad8\u6548\u5b9e\u65f6\u7684\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61771256","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W995630646","https://openalex.org/W1979182502","https://openalex.org/W2009086942","https://openalex.org/W2011502582","https://openalex.org/W2028620601","https://openalex.org/W2091776046","https://openalex.org/W2094207731","https://openalex.org/W2108422006","https://openalex.org/W2108482152","https://openalex.org/W2133458583","https://openalex.org/W2142908542","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2169582170","https://openalex.org/W2170339786","https://openalex.org/W2172073485","https://openalex.org/W2225664644","https://openalex.org/W2292145567","https://openalex.org/W2480859604","https://openalex.org/W2536133601","https://openalex.org/W2557998141","https://openalex.org/W2622272405","https://openalex.org/W2756160454","https://openalex.org/W2769094067","https://openalex.org/W2776252545","https://openalex.org/W2776656643","https://openalex.org/W2903835995","https://openalex.org/W2989029077","https://openalex.org/W2998365454","https://openalex.org/W3039799827","https://openalex.org/W3088743736","https://openalex.org/W3109070915","https://openalex.org/W3126948622","https://openalex.org/W3153416580","https://openalex.org/W3177876878","https://openalex.org/W3199955931","https://openalex.org/W4205347220","https://openalex.org/W4205515185","https://openalex.org/W4210415623","https://openalex.org/W4312671105","https://openalex.org/W6721887335"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4220926637","https://openalex.org/W2362681120","https://openalex.org/W2376320007","https://openalex.org/W3000097931","https://openalex.org/W2354322770","https://openalex.org/W4376643979","https://openalex.org/W2322402661","https://openalex.org/W2389079374","https://openalex.org/W3205445068","https://openalex.org/W3134004915"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"two-phase":[1],"smartphone":[2],"localization":[3,80,157],"technique":[4],"that":[5,121,186],"uses":[6],"received":[7],"signal":[8,22,44,76,89],"strength":[9],"indicator":[10],"(RSSI)":[11],"fingerprints":[12],"of":[13,72,87],"long":[14],"term":[15],"evolution":[16],"(LTE)":[17],"signal,":[18,20],"Bluetooth":[19,43,73],"Wi-Fi":[21,55,88,102],"and":[23,42,45,54,74,101,111,169],"the":[24,69,84,98,106,161,165,175,179,187],"internal":[25],"camera":[26,52,99],"sensor":[27],"is":[28,118],"proposed":[29,116,188],"for":[30,129,138],"indoor":[31],"environments.":[32],"It":[33],"contains:":[34],"(1)":[35],"coarse":[36,79,156],"localization:":[37,48],"region":[38,134,162,166],"determination":[39],"by":[40,51,93,105,163,177],"LTE":[41,75],"(2)":[46],"refined":[47,171],"position":[49,148,176,180],"estimation":[50],"image":[53,91,100,104,109],"signal.":[56],"To":[57],"maximize":[58],"efficiency":[59],"we":[60],"develop":[61],"data":[62],"fusion":[63,110],"algorithm,":[64],"aiming":[65],"to":[66,77,132,146,159,173],"(a)":[67],"combine":[68],"RSSI":[70,85],"measurement":[71],"form":[78],"fingerprint.":[81],"(b)":[82],"transform":[83],"measurements":[86],"into":[90],"representation":[92],"linear":[94],"mapping":[95],"method.":[96,114],"(c)fuse":[97],"radio":[103],"pixel":[107],"level":[108],"pyramid":[112],"decomposition":[113],"The":[115,151],"solution":[117],"unique":[119],"in":[120],"its":[122],"offline":[123],"phase":[124,153],"exploits":[125,142],"support":[126],"vector":[127],"machine":[128],"all":[130],"regions":[131],"generate":[133,147],"classification":[135,167],"functions.":[136],"And":[137],"each":[139],"region,":[140],"it":[141],"convolution":[143],"neural":[144],"network":[145],"regression":[149,181],"function.":[150,182],"online":[152],"executes":[154],"a":[155,170],"step":[158,172],"estimate":[160,174],"using":[164,178],"functions":[168],"Experiment":[183],"results":[184],"show":[185],"algorithm":[189],"outperforms":[190],"existing":[191],"schemes.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}