{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387609229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2023.3323443","title":"Self-Supervised Contrastive Learning for Extracting Radar Word in the Hierarchical Model of Multifunction Radar","display_name":"Self-Supervised Contrastive Learning for Extracting Radar Word in the Hierarchical Model of Multifunction Radar","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387609229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2023.3323443"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2023.3323443","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2023.3323443","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113022434","display_name":"Han Cong Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Cong Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2088-1987","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114090552","display_name":"Kai Li Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Li Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3478-7916","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101840674","display_name":"Yuxin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3896-5938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Xin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3896-5938","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006945618","display_name":"Abdulrahman Al\u2010Malahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0053-9319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulrahman Al-Malahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0053-9319","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101559629","display_name":"Bin Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-3530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-3530","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0464,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89204728,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"6","first_page":"9621","last_page":"9634"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9064000248908997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.7722283601760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6772772669792175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6355867385864258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.604526162147522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.529660165309906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5162751078605652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5085877180099487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5015308856964111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.48517733812332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.41854047775268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3625723719596863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22868865728378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08591529726982117}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.7722283601760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6772772669792175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6355867385864258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.604526162147522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.529660165309906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5162751078605652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5085877180099487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5015308856964111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.48517733812332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.41854047775268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3625723719596863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22868865728378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08591529726982117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2023.3323443","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2023.3323443","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G646567625","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301119","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W130754613","https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1511910497","https://openalex.org/W1531268951","https://openalex.org/W1673567634","https://openalex.org/W1975684011","https://openalex.org/W1977782550","https://openalex.org/W1987971958","https://openalex.org/W2073459066","https://openalex.org/W2108777121","https://openalex.org/W2113592174","https://openalex.org/W2115790511","https://openalex.org/W2295032983","https://openalex.org/W2509841691","https://openalex.org/W2599882013","https://openalex.org/W2649995573","https://openalex.org/W2744335156","https://openalex.org/W2768783378","https://openalex.org/W2775127214","https://openalex.org/W2947445680","https://openalex.org/W2949488362","https://openalex.org/W3005701803","https://openalex.org/W3007858997","https://openalex.org/W3013889479","https://openalex.org/W3021364482","https://openalex.org/W3023371261","https://openalex.org/W3034171073","https://openalex.org/W3096656254","https://openalex.org/W3107981615","https://openalex.org/W3110446398","https://openalex.org/W3114632476","https://openalex.org/W3130749205","https://openalex.org/W3161492984","https://openalex.org/W3164071761","https://openalex.org/W3173837271","https://openalex.org/W4235169531","https://openalex.org/W4297808394","https://openalex.org/W6630754547","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6668990524","https://openalex.org/W6677224193","https://openalex.org/W6682948231","https://openalex.org/W6683161245","https://openalex.org/W6746904271","https://openalex.org/W6766978945","https://openalex.org/W6774314701","https://openalex.org/W6844194202"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W2804364458","https://openalex.org/W4298130764","https://openalex.org/W4313906399","https://openalex.org/W4321487865","https://openalex.org/W2132641928","https://openalex.org/W2090259340","https://openalex.org/W4310225030","https://openalex.org/W2083665254","https://openalex.org/W2811106690"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,19],"analysis":[1],"of":[2,15,21,34,106,158,179],"intercepted":[3],"multifunction":[4],"radar":[5,72,145,159,177],"(MFR)":[6],"signals":[7],"has":[8],"attracted":[9],"considerable":[10],"attention":[11],"in":[12,52,86,131],"the":[13,35,114,136,154,170,176,195],"field":[14],"cognitive":[16],"electronic":[17],"reconnaissance.":[18],"agility":[20],"pulse":[22,69,96,107,187],"parameters":[23,188],"makes":[24],"it":[25],"difficult":[26],"to":[27,63,90,99,125,134],"recognize":[28],"their":[29],"behavior":[30],"states.":[31],"Currently,":[32],"most":[33],"existing":[36],"approaches":[37],"for":[38,121,152],"recognizing":[39],"MFR":[40,68,182],"behaviors":[41],"heavily":[42],"depend":[43],"on":[44,113],"prior":[45,76],"information,":[46],"which":[47,129],"can":[48,173],"hardly":[49],"be":[50],"obtained":[51],"a":[53,59,79,87,180],"noncooperative":[54],"way.":[55],"This":[56],"study":[57],"develops":[58],"contrastive":[60],"self-supervised":[61,88],"method":[62,172],"adaptively":[64],"segment":[65,135],"and":[66,94,185,189],"cluster":[67],"sequences":[70,105],"into":[71,138,156],"words":[73,109,178],"with":[74],"little":[75],"information.":[77],"First,":[78],"convolutional":[80],"neural":[81],"network":[82],"(CNN)":[83],"is":[84],"trained":[85],"manner":[89],"differentiate":[91],"between":[92],"adjacent":[93],"nonadjacent":[95],"group":[97],"embeddings":[98],"learn":[100],"robust":[101],"feature":[102,148],"representations":[103],"from":[104],"descriptor":[108],"(PDWs).":[110],"Next,":[111],"based":[112],"learned":[115],"embeddings,":[116],"test":[117],"statistics":[118],"are":[119,150],"calculated":[120],"each":[122,141],"PDW":[123],"sequence":[124,137],"detect":[126],"change":[127],"points,":[128],"are,":[130],"turn,":[132],"used":[133],"multiple":[139],"subsegments,":[140],"containing":[142],"only":[143,191],"one":[144],"word.":[146],"Finally,":[147],"vectors":[149],"produced":[151],"clustering":[153],"subsegments":[155],"groups":[157],"words.":[160],"Simulation":[161],"results":[162],"show":[163],"that":[164],"without":[165],"using":[166],"any":[167],"labeled":[168],"data,":[169],"proposed":[171],"effectively":[174],"extract":[175],"hypothetical":[181],"under":[183],"corrupted":[184],"overlapped":[186],"performs":[190],"slightly":[192],"worse":[193],"than":[194],"state-of-the-art":[196],"fully":[197],"supervised":[198],"method.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
