{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387010336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2023.3316640","title":"Optimal Polarization Design for Distributed MIMO Radar Networks: A Stackelberg Game Perspective","display_name":"Optimal Polarization Design for Distributed MIMO Radar Networks: A Stackelberg Game Perspective","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387010336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2023.3316640"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2023.3316640","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2023.3316640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101840725","display_name":"Biao Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2213-4347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Biao Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2213-4347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103018374","display_name":"Shujin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5296-0315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shujin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5296-0315","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043680593","display_name":"Zhenkai Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2439-0923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenkai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2439-0923","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048006235","display_name":"Zhuxian Lian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0865-2615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuxian Lian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0865-2615","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076952913","display_name":"Zhaoyang Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147230869","display_name":"China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0410k9915","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147230869"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["723th Research Institute of China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, Yangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"723th Research Institute of China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, Yangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147230869"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101954949","display_name":"Xiaohua Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7675-8315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohua Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101840725"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0664,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94169182,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"6","first_page":"9332","last_page":"9341"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9391999840736389,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9103999733924866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stackelberg-competition","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","score":0.7651441097259521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6721272468566895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6526994109153748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5223335027694702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5218804478645325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.4960106313228607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.4554440975189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4376033544540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistatic-radar","display_name":"Bistatic radar","score":0.4317968487739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3g-mimo","display_name":"3G MIMO","score":0.42838355898857117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3844178020954132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24150165915489197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22777536511421204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20844456553459167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.19322440028190613}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199510392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184602","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","level":2,"score":0.7651441097259521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6721272468566895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6526994109153748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5223335027694702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5218804478645325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4960106313228607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.4554440975189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4376033544540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.4317968487739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165650700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636347","display_name":"3G MIMO","level":4,"score":0.42838355898857117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3844178020954132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24150165915489197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22777536511421204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20844456553459167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.19322440028190613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2023.3316640","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2023.3316640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.5}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4095632966","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4545209052","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022M712687","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6501023007","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62001194","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7596245075","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61701416","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1631413141","https://openalex.org/W1963758962","https://openalex.org/W2074039348","https://openalex.org/W2131608745","https://openalex.org/W2216997869","https://openalex.org/W2290883490","https://openalex.org/W2560773965","https://openalex.org/W2592023519","https://openalex.org/W2757905464","https://openalex.org/W2763127307","https://openalex.org/W2779565435","https://openalex.org/W2791448010","https://openalex.org/W2796795502","https://openalex.org/W2922096023","https://openalex.org/W2923345427","https://openalex.org/W2935272161","https://openalex.org/W2966466123","https://openalex.org/W2969931780","https://openalex.org/W2976829358","https://openalex.org/W2979725405","https://openalex.org/W2999272775","https://openalex.org/W3005272619","https://openalex.org/W3007664534","https://openalex.org/W3010205341","https://openalex.org/W3014628627","https://openalex.org/W3029959956","https://openalex.org/W3038047043","https://openalex.org/W3039716304","https://openalex.org/W3046474289","https://openalex.org/W3093608387","https://openalex.org/W4206562833","https://openalex.org/W4214847873","https://openalex.org/W4231611411","https://openalex.org/W4283695576","https://openalex.org/W4285821176"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2941374357","https://openalex.org/W2038397443","https://openalex.org/W4200145345","https://openalex.org/W1561113522","https://openalex.org/W1495906304","https://openalex.org/W4390496060","https://openalex.org/W2112785353","https://openalex.org/W2164866798","https://openalex.org/W1520753245","https://openalex.org/W2529849760"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Distributed":[0],"multiple-input":[1],"multiple-output":[2],"(MIMO)":[3],"Radar":[4],"networks":[5],"have":[6],"the":[7,25,63,72,76,82,99,104,109,114,138],"potential":[8],"to":[9],"significantly":[10],"enhance":[11],"target":[12,21],"detection":[13,64,100],"performance":[14],"by":[15],"adjusting":[16],"transmitting":[17,29,77,92],"polarizations":[18],"based":[19],"on":[20],"scattering":[22],"characteristics.":[23],"However,":[24],"optimal":[26,47],"design":[27,49,84],"of":[28,66,75],"antenna":[30,93],"polarization":[31,48,73,83],"presents":[32],"a":[33,39,59,87,96],"discrete":[34],"optimization":[35],"problem":[36,85],"that":[37,123],"necessitates":[38],"more":[40],"efficient":[41],"solution.":[42],"This":[43],"article":[44],"proposes":[45],"an":[46],"approach":[50],"for":[51],"distributed":[52,67],"MIMO":[53,69],"radar":[54,70],"networks.":[55],"First,":[56],"we":[57,80,112,121],"establish":[58],"functional":[60],"relationship":[61],"between":[62],"probability":[65,101],"polarized":[68],"and":[71,98,134],"mode":[74],"antennas.":[78],"Subsequently,":[79],"formulate":[81],"as":[86,95,103,131],"Stackelberg":[88,110],"game,":[89],"where":[90],"each":[91],"acts":[94],"participant,":[97],"serves":[102],"utility":[105],"function.":[106],"To":[107],"solve":[108],"equilibrium,":[111],"employ":[113],"iterative":[115],"whale":[116,139],"algorithm.":[117],"Through":[118],"numerical":[119],"simulations,":[120],"demonstrate":[122],"our":[124],"proposed":[125],"method":[126],"outperforms":[127],"traditional":[128],"approaches":[129],"such":[130],"random":[132],"selection":[133],"single":[135],"polarization.":[136],"Furthermore,":[137],"algorithm":[140],"exhibits":[141],"rapid":[142],"convergence":[143],"with":[144],"low":[145],"computational":[146],"complexity.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-12-22T23:10:17.713674","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}