{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386869874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2023.3316630","title":"LPI Radar Signal Design Resistant to Identification by ESM Systems","display_name":"LPI Radar Signal Design Resistant to Identification by ESM Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386869874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2023.3316630"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2023.3316630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2023.3316630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xinyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7374-9113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7374-9113","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027840989","display_name":"Ye Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5845-0037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5845-0037","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049933366","display_name":"Tianxian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4845-9796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianxian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4845-9796","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015609860","display_name":"Guolong Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5707-6311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guolong Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5707-6311","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046850399","display_name":"Wee Peng Tay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1543-195X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wee Peng Tay","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1543-195X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1201,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96612022,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"6","first_page":"9233","last_page":"9246"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10968","display_name":"Statistical Distribution Estimation and Applications","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10968","display_name":"Statistical Distribution Estimation and Applications","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.948199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10780","display_name":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","score":0.9408000111579895,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6568151712417603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-probability-of-intercept-radar","display_name":"Low probability of intercept radar","score":0.6227906942367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6094765067100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.49187374114990234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.48127979040145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.4706170856952667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-radar","display_name":"Passive radar","score":0.46724414825439453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4559079706668854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4363633096218109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.3838609755039215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3040737807750702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.2688252329826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1649998128414154}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6568151712417603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147345108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693040","display_name":"Low probability of intercept radar","level":5,"score":0.6227906942367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6094765067100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.49187374114990234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.48127979040145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.4706170856952667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151120012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2143008","display_name":"Passive radar","level":5,"score":0.46724414825439453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4559079706668854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4363633096218109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.3838609755039215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3040737807750702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.2688252329826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1649998128414154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2023.3316630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2023.3316630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6573699050","display_name":"\u63a2\u901a\u4e00\u4f53\u591a\u8f7d\u6ce2\u4fe1\u53f7\u590d\u7528\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61971109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8328824696","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U19B2017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494131006","https://openalex.org/W1570136115","https://openalex.org/W1598868193","https://openalex.org/W1850008407","https://openalex.org/W1965555277","https://openalex.org/W1995699746","https://openalex.org/W2000769684","https://openalex.org/W2014542463","https://openalex.org/W2042890100","https://openalex.org/W2046758955","https://openalex.org/W2053750356","https://openalex.org/W2058162516","https://openalex.org/W2097666957","https://openalex.org/W2097964783","https://openalex.org/W2098375485","https://openalex.org/W2103484733","https://openalex.org/W2124482374","https://openalex.org/W2128340703","https://openalex.org/W2130779630","https://openalex.org/W2132134263","https://openalex.org/W2144785659","https://openalex.org/W2146303559","https://openalex.org/W2170120126","https://openalex.org/W2171869225","https://openalex.org/W2241995588","https://openalex.org/W2304380770","https://openalex.org/W2333700256","https://openalex.org/W2341088134","https://openalex.org/W2586095846","https://openalex.org/W2673654669","https://openalex.org/W2765137961","https://openalex.org/W2903158414","https://openalex.org/W2903782962","https://openalex.org/W2909326050","https://openalex.org/W2945884445","https://openalex.org/W2967810143","https://openalex.org/W2986905877","https://openalex.org/W2999226773","https://openalex.org/W3011511787","https://openalex.org/W3017079671","https://openalex.org/W3017347546","https://openalex.org/W3113786991","https://openalex.org/W4212864101","https://openalex.org/W4213255380","https://openalex.org/W4220657966","https://openalex.org/W4220983482","https://openalex.org/W4284975957","https://openalex.org/W4285210009","https://openalex.org/W4288064993","https://openalex.org/W4296558706","https://openalex.org/W4300376264","https://openalex.org/W4307079328","https://openalex.org/W4308085475","https://openalex.org/W4312821953","https://openalex.org/W4313476783","https://openalex.org/W4315488785","https://openalex.org/W4319866426","https://openalex.org/W4321021552","https://openalex.org/W4323521092","https://openalex.org/W4391021971","https://openalex.org/W6846385330"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2546425916","https://openalex.org/W1599583810","https://openalex.org/W2764022015","https://openalex.org/W2360249151","https://openalex.org/W1969947667","https://openalex.org/W1675290395","https://openalex.org/W2572106746","https://openalex.org/W1604136879","https://openalex.org/W2032341480","https://openalex.org/W4380451819"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,25,89],"consider":[1],"the":[2,28,58,62,67,73,99,112,119,122],"design":[3,125],"of":[4,8,72,121],"a":[5,38,51,91,102,107],"low":[6],"probability":[7,71],"intercept":[9],"(LPI)":[10],"radar":[11,34,59,63,77],"signal":[12,35,60,124],"that":[13,27],"is":[14,47,54],"resistant":[15],"to":[16,31,56,65,76,97,110],"identification":[17,69],"by":[18],"an":[19],"electronic":[20],"support":[21],"measure":[22],"(ESM)":[23],"system.":[24],"assume":[26],"ESM":[29],"attempts":[30],"distinguish":[32],"between":[33],"types":[36],"in":[37,49,87],"finite":[39],"set.":[40],"A":[41],"multihypothesis":[42],"testing":[43],"Bayesian":[44,68],"decision":[45],"framework":[46],"formulated,":[48],"which":[50],"feature":[52,113],"mapping":[53,114],"optimized":[55],"map":[57],"at":[61],"transmitter":[64],"maximize":[66],"error":[70],"ESM,":[74],"subject":[75],"system":[78],"cost":[79],"constraints.":[80],"This":[81],"optimization":[82],"problem":[83,100],"is,":[84],"however,":[85],"intractable":[86],"general.":[88],"utilize":[90],"successive":[92],"lower":[93],"bound":[94],"minimization":[95],"approach":[96],"modify":[98],"and":[101],"sequential":[103],"iterative":[104],"technique":[105],"with":[106],"polynomial":[108],"complexity":[109],"obtain":[111],"results.":[115],"Numerical":[116],"simulations":[117],"demonstrate":[118],"effectiveness":[120],"LPI":[123],"algorithm.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}