{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384159646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2023.3294896","title":"Spatial Filtering of Multipath at GNSS Reference Stations Through Metamaterial-Based Absorbers","display_name":"Spatial Filtering of Multipath at GNSS Reference Stations Through Metamaterial-Based Absorbers","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384159646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2023.3294896"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2023.3294896","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2023.3294896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074154262","display_name":"Stefano Caizzone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9434-7368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Caizzone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications and Navigation, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications and Navigation, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066738842","display_name":"Ramy A. Gerguis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramy A. Gerguis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications and Navigation, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications and Navigation, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007291030","display_name":"Ernest Ofosu Addo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6928-2206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ernest O. Addo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications and Navigation, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications and Navigation, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033814138","display_name":"Simon P. Hehenberger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3816-3641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon P. Hehenberger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications and Navigation, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications and Navigation, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083333040","display_name":"Wahid Elmarissi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9532-3491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wahid Elmarissi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications and Navigation, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications and Navigation, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074154262"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2808,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95044475,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"6","first_page":"7764","last_page":"7771"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.7528364658355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.7402760982513428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudorange","display_name":"Pseudorange","score":0.7272023558616638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.6179443597793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5842424631118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4549136459827423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-navigation","display_name":"Satellite navigation","score":0.43421950936317444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directional-antenna","display_name":"Directional antenna","score":0.4305707514286041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4261772334575653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-diversity","display_name":"Antenna diversity","score":0.4211711883544922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.41270652413368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metamaterial","display_name":"Metamaterial","score":0.41219669580459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resonator","display_name":"Resonator","score":0.41070133447647095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.39115655422210693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.29585736989974976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2853894829750061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2642887830734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23330438137054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2124318778514862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.177423894405365}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.7528364658355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.7402760982513428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174201072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187347","display_name":"Pseudorange","level":4,"score":0.7272023558616638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.6179443597793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5842424631118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4549136459827423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36301306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179435","display_name":"Satellite navigation","level":3,"score":0.43421950936317444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"Directional antenna","level":3,"score":0.4305707514286041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4261772334575653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60069766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357054","display_name":"Antenna diversity","level":3,"score":0.4211711883544922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.41270652413368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110367647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q497166","display_name":"Metamaterial","level":2,"score":0.41219669580459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97126364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349669","display_name":"Resonator","level":2,"score":0.41070133447647095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.39115655422210693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.29585736989974976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2853894829750061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2642887830734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23330438137054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2124318778514862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.177423894405365}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2023.3294896","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2023.3294896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987242404","https://openalex.org/W2002877319","https://openalex.org/W2028413806","https://openalex.org/W2130499004","https://openalex.org/W2146341415","https://openalex.org/W2355310739","https://openalex.org/W2544254389","https://openalex.org/W2885424097","https://openalex.org/W2905397210","https://openalex.org/W2947440384","https://openalex.org/W2992701299","https://openalex.org/W3047098494","https://openalex.org/W3110832132","https://openalex.org/W3174846451","https://openalex.org/W4205866191","https://openalex.org/W4229781983","https://openalex.org/W4281386446","https://openalex.org/W4295135537","https://openalex.org/W4378842164"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3216386610","https://openalex.org/W2796739365","https://openalex.org/W4239395258","https://openalex.org/W3204981892","https://openalex.org/W4380563814","https://openalex.org/W3130617165","https://openalex.org/W2904557485","https://openalex.org/W3198415914","https://openalex.org/W4387760931","https://openalex.org/W52232948"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reference":[0],"stations":[1],"for":[2,71],"(satellite":[3],"or":[4],"terrestrial)":[5],"navigation":[6,106],"are":[7],"often":[8],"showing":[9,111],"performance":[10],"reduction":[11],"due":[12],"to":[13,33,37,48],"multipath":[14],"effects,":[15],"caused":[16],"by":[17],"reflecting":[18],"objects":[19],"in":[20,40,100],"their":[21],"vicinity":[22,42,102],"(buildings,":[23],"vegetation,":[24],"big":[25],"antennas":[26],"at":[27],"spaceports,":[28],"etc.).":[29],"A":[30],"possible":[31],"solution":[32],"this":[34,72],"problem":[35],"is":[36],"use":[38],"absorbers":[39],"the":[41,44,61,76,87,101,119],"of":[43,67,78,103,114,118],"reference":[45,109],"station":[46],"antenna,":[47,110],"selectively":[49],"suppress":[50],"signal":[51],"reception":[52],"(and":[53],"reflections)":[54],"from":[55],"nearby":[56],"objects.":[57],"This":[58],"article":[59],"describes":[60],"design,":[62],"measurement,":[63],"and":[64,83],"preliminary":[65],"test":[66],"a":[68,104,112],"metamaterial-based":[69],"absorber":[70,88],"purpose,":[73],"based":[74],"on":[75],"combination":[77],"split":[79],"cross":[80,85],"ring":[81],"resonator":[82],"cave":[84],"resonator:":[86],"has":[89],"been":[90],"characterized":[91],"both":[92],"electromagnetically":[93],"as":[94,96],"well":[95],"through":[97],"field":[98],"tests":[99],"global":[105],"satellite":[107],"systems":[108],"suppression":[113],"more":[115],"than":[116],"50%":[117],"strong":[120],"multipath-due":[121],"pseudorange":[122],"errors.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-28T08:17:26.163206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}