{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313598685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2023.3234521","title":"Performance-Driven Design of Carrier Phase Differential Navigation Frameworks With Megaconstellation LEO Satellites","display_name":"Performance-Driven Design of Carrier Phase Differential Navigation Frameworks With Megaconstellation LEO Satellites","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313598685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2023.3234521"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2023.3234521","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2023.3234521","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042526779","display_name":"Joe Khalife","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3519-256X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joe Khalife","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051240427","display_name":"Zaher M. Kassas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4388-6142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaher Zak M. Kassas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042526779"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":39.6628,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.997487,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"3","first_page":"2947","last_page":"2966"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11701","display_name":"Space Satellite Systems and Control","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dilution-of-precision","display_name":"Dilution of precision","score":0.7419655323028564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.6213169693946838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5722759962081909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5276326537132263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-navigation","display_name":"Satellite navigation","score":0.5082699656486511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.4862119257450104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.4792509078979492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-phase","display_name":"Differential phase","score":0.4695585072040558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orbit","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","score":0.45964717864990234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4576643109321594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ephemeris","display_name":"Ephemeris","score":0.4469899535179138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.4459218382835388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spacecraft","display_name":"Spacecraft","score":0.43062055110931396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-mean-square","display_name":"Root mean square","score":0.4210970401763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.4037119448184967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.3598734736442566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3486548960208893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.25046706199645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2383056879043579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.19914108514785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.180471271276474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16318297386169434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1111312210559845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10059300065040588}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200499919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q616896","display_name":"Dilution of precision","level":4,"score":0.7419655323028564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.6213169693946838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5722759962081909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5276326537132263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36301306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179435","display_name":"Satellite navigation","level":3,"score":0.5082699656486511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.4862119257450104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.4792509078979492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778465081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275356","display_name":"Differential phase","level":3,"score":0.4695585072040558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196644772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3884964","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","level":2,"score":0.45964717864990234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4576643109321594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64828349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120200","display_name":"Ephemeris","level":3,"score":0.4469899535179138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4459218382835388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29829512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40218","display_name":"Spacecraft","level":2,"score":0.43062055110931396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71907059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223323","display_name":"Root mean square","level":2,"score":0.4210970401763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.4037119448184967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.3598734736442566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3486548960208893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.25046706199645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2383056879043579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.19914108514785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.180471271276474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16318297386169434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1111312210559845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10059300065040588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398306","display_name":"Keying","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2023.3234521","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2023.3234521","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3026477609","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"69A3552047138","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306108","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Transportation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5977477117","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-19-1-2511","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6917870147","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-22-1-0476","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306108","display_name":"U.S. Department of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/02xfw2e90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":79,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514458494","https://openalex.org/W1515436047","https://openalex.org/W1531532259","https://openalex.org/W1578208063","https://openalex.org/W1979154650","https://openalex.org/W1985643633","https://openalex.org/W2036390221","https://openalex.org/W2094875868","https://openalex.org/W2095093213","https://openalex.org/W2111859318","https://openalex.org/W2145873277","https://openalex.org/W2149488017","https://openalex.org/W2587198163","https://openalex.org/W2618094325","https://openalex.org/W2792200982","https://openalex.org/W2809006737","https://openalex.org/W2810753555","https://openalex.org/W2885609546","https://openalex.org/W2908269815","https://openalex.org/W2938430142","https://openalex.org/W2949679489","https://openalex.org/W2955523475","https://openalex.org/W2965008678","https://openalex.org/W2979954150","https://openalex.org/W2980216212","https://openalex.org/W2980220981","https://openalex.org/W2997112904","https://openalex.org/W3000451224","https://openalex.org/W3005345376","https://openalex.org/W3005875105","https://openalex.org/W3012208781","https://openalex.org/W3020577435","https://openalex.org/W3023458242","https://openalex.org/W3023862843","https://openalex.org/W3028058884","https://openalex.org/W3034450397","https://openalex.org/W3034639293","https://openalex.org/W3034711326","https://openalex.org/W3034813944","https://openalex.org/W3036597088","https://openalex.org/W3046026968","https://openalex.org/W3092605402","https://openalex.org/W3093055699","https://openalex.org/W3094393300","https://openalex.org/W3095889217","https://openalex.org/W3097569555","https://openalex.org/W3103016528","https://openalex.org/W3107995473","https://openalex.org/W3132445847","https://openalex.org/W3133074743","https://openalex.org/W3134592264","https://openalex.org/W3159943566","https://openalex.org/W3166143821","https://openalex.org/W3168042203","https://openalex.org/W3168083944","https://openalex.org/W3183024742","https://openalex.org/W3200521553","https://openalex.org/W3201566337","https://openalex.org/W3203947708","https://openalex.org/W3204125990","https://openalex.org/W3206521719","https://openalex.org/W3207801060","https://openalex.org/W3208282341","https://openalex.org/W3217807812","https://openalex.org/W4200423589","https://openalex.org/W4220867069","https://openalex.org/W4225820112","https://openalex.org/W4225959144","https://openalex.org/W4226332576","https://openalex.org/W4281567557","https://openalex.org/W4285230309","https://openalex.org/W4285270321","https://openalex.org/W4289822058","https://openalex.org/W6630812568","https://openalex.org/W6738323138","https://openalex.org/W6773963828","https://openalex.org/W6775145304","https://openalex.org/W7005367358","https://openalex.org/W7046793605"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1670500579","https://openalex.org/W2376636653","https://openalex.org/W2109812091","https://openalex.org/W2257406155","https://openalex.org/W1972425019","https://openalex.org/W2392938272","https://openalex.org/W2003705547","https://openalex.org/W2979651660","https://openalex.org/W2375491830","https://openalex.org/W2371920988"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"navigation":[1,65,109],"framework":[2,122],"with":[3,67],"carrier":[4,104],"phase":[5,105],"differential":[6,82,106],"measurements":[7],"from":[8,139,183],"megaconstellation":[9,50,98],"low":[10],"Earth":[11],"orbit":[12],"(LEO)":[13],"satellite":[14],"signals":[15,138,182],"is":[16,40,57,92],"developed.":[17],"The":[18,89],"measurement":[19],"errors":[20,24],"due":[21],"to":[22,59,84,100],"ephemeris":[23],"and":[25,27,32,54,75,155],"ionospheric":[26],"tropospheric":[28],"delays":[29],"are":[30,113,164],"derived":[31,58],"the":[33,36,43,49,81,102,116,119],"statistics":[34],"of":[35,38,48,64,118,152,159,194],"dilution":[37],"precision":[39],"characterized.":[41],"Moreover,":[42],"joint":[44],"probability":[45],"density":[46],"function":[47],"LEO":[51,68,97,107,187],"satellites'":[52],"azimuth":[53],"elevation":[55],"angles":[56],"1)":[60],"enable":[61],"performance":[62,87],"characterization":[63],"frameworks":[66],"satellites":[69],"in":[70,133,172],"a":[71,95,144,156],"computationally":[72],"efficient":[73],"way":[74],"2)":[76],"facilitate":[77],"parameter":[78],"design,":[79],"namely,":[80],"baseline,":[83],"meet":[85],"desired":[86],"requirements.":[88],"Starlink":[90,141],"constellation":[91],"used":[93],"as":[94],"specific":[96],"example":[99],"demonstrate":[101],"developed":[103],"(CD-LEO)":[108],"framework.":[110],"Simulation":[111],"results":[112,163],"presented":[114,165],"demonstrating":[115],"efficacy":[117],"proposed":[120],"CD-LEO":[121],"for":[123,130,169],"an":[124,190],"unmanned":[125],"aerial":[126],"vehicle":[127],"(UAV)":[128],"navigating":[129,168],"15.1":[131],"km":[132,171],"300":[134],"s,":[135],"while":[136],"using":[137,180],"44":[140],"satellites,":[142,188],"achieving":[143,189],"3-D":[145],"position":[146,192],"root":[147],"mean":[148],"squared":[149],"error":[150],"(RMSE)":[151],"2.2":[153],"m":[154],"2-D":[157],"RMSE":[158,193],"32.4":[160],"cm.":[161],"Experimental":[162],"showing":[166],"UAV":[167],"2.28":[170],"2":[173],"min":[174],"over":[175],"Aliso":[176],"Viejo,":[177],"CA,":[178],"USA,":[179],"exclusively":[181],"only":[184],"two":[185],"Orbcomm":[186],"unprecedented":[191],"14.8":[195],"m.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-03T22:45:19.894376","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}