{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312648984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2022.3221686","title":"Distributed Localization of Target for MIMO Radar With Widely Separated Directional Transmitters and Omnidirectional Receivers","display_name":"Distributed Localization of Target for MIMO Radar With Widely Separated Directional Transmitters and Omnidirectional Receivers","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312648984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2022.3221686"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2022.3221686","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2022.3221686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048195316","display_name":"Kui Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7810-3865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kui Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015609860","display_name":"Guolong Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5707-6311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guolong Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100339151","display_name":"Wei Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9878-7048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100640301","display_name":"Shiyuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5028-5839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiyuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022778463","display_name":"Lingjiang Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0991-4517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingjiang Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048195316"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1577,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95836955,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"3","first_page":"3171","last_page":"3187"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.672584593296051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.659209132194519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cram\u00e9r\u2013rao-bound","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","score":0.6444512605667114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6359418630599976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5957514047622681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.5607540011405945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/omnidirectional-antenna","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","score":0.5601267218589783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.5061067938804626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.48066961765289307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistatic-radar","display_name":"Bistatic radar","score":0.4505496621131897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2385863959789276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.215641587972641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.2079116702079773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16533786058425903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.09281888604164124}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.672584593296051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.659209132194519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.6444512605667114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6359418630599976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5957514047622681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.5607540011405945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24027999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2176348","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","level":3,"score":0.5601267218589783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.5061067938804626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.48066961765289307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.4505496621131897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2385863959789276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.215641587972641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.2079116702079773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16533786058425903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.09281888604164124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2022.3221686","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2022.3221686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2940033539","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271126","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G410443062","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871080","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5823329329","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021T140096","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8200972472","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M680147","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8328824696","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U19B2017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8419690675","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101097","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151604921","https://openalex.org/W595851582","https://openalex.org/W1663611828","https://openalex.org/W1956368687","https://openalex.org/W1978141941","https://openalex.org/W1989476724","https://openalex.org/W2008141156","https://openalex.org/W2011768471","https://openalex.org/W2015881065","https://openalex.org/W2018744547","https://openalex.org/W2019412934","https://openalex.org/W2029349326","https://openalex.org/W2065831797","https://openalex.org/W2083506609","https://openalex.org/W2152079373","https://openalex.org/W2220412092","https://openalex.org/W2279373238","https://openalex.org/W2296143655","https://openalex.org/W2299950964","https://openalex.org/W2413515495","https://openalex.org/W2418574976","https://openalex.org/W2515327138","https://openalex.org/W2582904525","https://openalex.org/W2588174171","https://openalex.org/W2604040497","https://openalex.org/W2610064762","https://openalex.org/W2735881044","https://openalex.org/W2747917707","https://openalex.org/W2751628632","https://openalex.org/W2755127268","https://openalex.org/W2769907991","https://openalex.org/W2791914805","https://openalex.org/W2804346170","https://openalex.org/W2915421798","https://openalex.org/W2948731388","https://openalex.org/W2962000955","https://openalex.org/W2980158289","https://openalex.org/W2980521515","https://openalex.org/W3000220764","https://openalex.org/W3002492686","https://openalex.org/W3012223939","https://openalex.org/W3015409993","https://openalex.org/W3050265859","https://openalex.org/W3081623047","https://openalex.org/W3165000486","https://openalex.org/W3166835402","https://openalex.org/W4206180546","https://openalex.org/W4246841922"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004765814","https://openalex.org/W2950419692","https://openalex.org/W1636544497","https://openalex.org/W2120266201","https://openalex.org/W2585557503","https://openalex.org/W2389491004","https://openalex.org/W2164801693","https://openalex.org/W2124163150","https://openalex.org/W2384282517","https://openalex.org/W3040746352"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conventional":[0],"target":[1,70,80,159],"localization":[2,20,94,122,126,162,192],"algorithms":[3],"for":[4,69,155,158,171],"the":[5,18,47,59,76,79,92,97,114,121,125,165,180,185],"multiple-input":[6],"multiple-output":[7],"(MIMO)":[8],"radar":[9,49],"with":[10,50,85],"widely":[11,51],"separated":[12,52],"antennas":[13],"are":[14,176],"mainly":[15],"based":[16],"on":[17],"centralized":[19],"framework,":[21],"which":[22,72],"suffer":[23],"from":[24],"huge":[25],"burdens":[26],"of":[27,65,78,184],"computation":[28],"and":[29,55,63,88,100,116,124,150,182],"communication":[30],"as":[31,33,109,130],"well":[32],"robustness":[34],"defect":[35],"in":[36,146],"complex":[37],"environments.":[38],"To":[39],"overcome":[40],"these":[41],"issues,":[42],"this":[43],"article":[44],"first":[45],"considers":[46],"MIMO":[48],"directional":[53],"transmitters":[54],"omnidirectional":[56],"receivers":[57],"generating":[58],"bistatic":[60],"range":[61],"(BR)":[62],"angle":[64],"incidence":[66],"(AOI)":[67],"measurements":[68,102,118],"localization,":[71],"is":[73,103,128,153,169],"proven":[74],"that":[75],"position":[77],"can":[81],"be":[82],"uniquely":[83],"determined":[84],"one":[86,89],"transmitter":[87],"receiver.":[90],"Then,":[91],"distributed":[93,137],"framework":[95],"using":[96],"hybrid":[98],"BR":[99,115],"AOI":[101,117],"developed,":[104],"where":[105],"each":[106,156],"receiver":[107,157],"acts":[108],"a":[110,132],"fusion":[111],"center":[112],"extracting":[113],"to":[119,178],"perform":[120],"process,":[123],"problem":[127],"formulated":[129],"solving":[131],"linear":[133],"matrix":[134,149],"equation.":[135],"The":[136,161],"constrained":[138],"total":[139],"least":[140],"squares":[141],"(DCTLS)":[142],"algorithm":[143,188],"considering":[144],"errors":[145],"both":[147],"data":[148],"observation":[151],"vector":[152],"proposed":[154,186],"localization.":[160],"performance":[163],"regarding":[164],"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao":[166],"lower":[167],"bound":[168],"derived":[170],"theoretical":[172],"analysis.":[173],"Numerical":[174],"simulations":[175],"performed":[177],"validate":[179],"efficacy":[181],"superiority":[183],"DCTLS":[187],"over":[189],"other":[190],"typical":[191],"algorithms.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
