{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285301774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2022.3178662","title":"Spatial Filtering for Interference Mitigation in High-Altitude Spaceborne GNSS Receivers","display_name":"Spatial Filtering for Interference Mitigation in High-Altitude Spaceborne GNSS Receivers","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285301774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2022.3178662"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2022.3178662","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2022.3178662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022330584","display_name":"Qihui Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3447-4629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qihui Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086354607","display_name":"Yong Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0419-1401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018679281","display_name":"Xi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3671-6425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101577243","display_name":"Zhen Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9272-8343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020458531","display_name":"Linling Kuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8283-855X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linling Kuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022330584"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0154,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93814024,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"1","first_page":"274","last_page":"291"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12450","display_name":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.6841554045677185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.6105666160583496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5959877371788025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrier-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Carrier-to-noise ratio","score":0.5038420557975769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.48720067739486694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-filter","display_name":"Spatial filter","score":0.472099244594574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nadir","display_name":"Nadir","score":0.46411803364753723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inversion","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","score":0.4317849278450012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-matrix-inversion","display_name":"Sample matrix inversion","score":0.42652687430381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-forcing-precoding","display_name":"Zero-forcing precoding","score":0.4156549572944641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.34109365940093994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.33269986510276794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3215130865573883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.28960591554641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.2857363820075989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.2713373005390167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2535646855831146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21505790948867798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.16813021898269653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13370266556739807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.12963992357254028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11409515142440796}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.6841554045677185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.6105666160583496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5959877371788025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43658927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5046339","display_name":"Carrier-to-noise ratio","level":3,"score":0.5038420557975769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.48720067739486694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121475858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2735911","display_name":"Spatial filter","level":2,"score":0.472099244594574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88575799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145825","display_name":"Nadir","level":3,"score":0.46411803364753723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1893757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3653001","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","level":3,"score":0.4317849278450012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62403268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7410141","display_name":"Sample matrix inversion","level":3,"score":0.42652687430381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155437304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8069444","display_name":"Zero-forcing precoding","level":5,"score":0.4156549572944641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.34109365940093994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.33269986510276794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3215130865573883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.28960591554641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.2857363820075989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.2713373005390167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2535646855831146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21505790948867798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.16813021898269653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13370266556739807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.12963992357254028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11409515142440796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2022.3178662","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2022.3178662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8169014335","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071270","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W838420499","https://openalex.org/W1534036957","https://openalex.org/W1569031853","https://openalex.org/W1864623685","https://openalex.org/W1973036638","https://openalex.org/W1973958655","https://openalex.org/W1976813898","https://openalex.org/W2008055329","https://openalex.org/W2021055748","https://openalex.org/W2050443020","https://openalex.org/W2051093090","https://openalex.org/W2060781663","https://openalex.org/W2097031942","https://openalex.org/W2100375013","https://openalex.org/W2114256390","https://openalex.org/W2124547768","https://openalex.org/W2125451115","https://openalex.org/W2130344446","https://openalex.org/W2134833132","https://openalex.org/W2143311694","https://openalex.org/W2144244295","https://openalex.org/W2145118533","https://openalex.org/W2152948516","https://openalex.org/W2160230287","https://openalex.org/W2165402278","https://openalex.org/W2166799841","https://openalex.org/W2169936485","https://openalex.org/W2225765004","https://openalex.org/W2234754816","https://openalex.org/W2318186270","https://openalex.org/W2318796446","https://openalex.org/W2320527016","https://openalex.org/W2330843973","https://openalex.org/W2333890564","https://openalex.org/W2405435672","https://openalex.org/W2766606340","https://openalex.org/W2786531730","https://openalex.org/W2793546880","https://openalex.org/W2799796210","https://openalex.org/W2809875589","https://openalex.org/W2883800664","https://openalex.org/W2997112904","https://openalex.org/W3013786722","https://openalex.org/W3017373210","https://openalex.org/W3022651405","https://openalex.org/W3097426718","https://openalex.org/W3164111544","https://openalex.org/W3165822371","https://openalex.org/W6686736971"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1936443018","https://openalex.org/W3114051225","https://openalex.org/W2495312616","https://openalex.org/W2053295005","https://openalex.org/W2043483232","https://openalex.org/W2052056785","https://openalex.org/W2989793328","https://openalex.org/W2979979995","https://openalex.org/W1524657574","https://openalex.org/W4285503778"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"the":[1,15,41,63,68,81,88,95,108,119,128,171],"antennas":[2],"of":[3,67,107,127,165,176,189,199,207,210],"high-altitude":[4,30],"spaceborne":[5,31],"global":[6],"navigation":[7],"satellite":[8,16],"system":[9],"(GNSS)":[10],"receivers":[11],"are":[12,114],"installed":[13],"in":[14,29,170,219],"nadir":[17],"direction,":[18],"interference":[19,27,46,56,69,84,111,166,177],"from":[20],"Earth":[21],"poses":[22],"a":[23,34,53,162,186],"potential":[24],"threat.":[25],"For":[26],"mitigation":[28],"GNSS":[32,196],"receivers,":[33],"spatial":[35,44,54,64,75,82,109,221],"filtering":[36,76],"algorithm":[37,130,158],"is":[38,59,77,123,131,159],"proposed":[39,129,157],"with":[40,135],"constrained":[42],"minimum":[43,144],"mean":[45,55,83,110],"power":[47,57,85,112,138],"(CMSMIP)":[48],"as":[49,141,143,218],"its":[50],"metric.":[51],"Specifically,":[52],"matrix":[58,90,113,215],"conceived":[60],"based":[61,116],"on":[62,94,117],"probability":[65],"distribution":[66],"sources.":[70],"The":[71,125,156],"optimization":[72,103],"problem":[73],"for":[74,194],"formulated":[78],"to":[79,92,137,161],"minimize":[80],"expressed":[86],"by":[87,133,184],"introduced":[89],"subject":[91],"constraints":[93],"desired":[96],"signal-to-noise":[97],"ratio":[98],"gain.":[99],"To":[100],"solve":[101],"this":[102],"problem,":[104],"mathematical":[105],"properties":[106],"derived,":[115],"which":[118,201],"optimal":[120,191],"weight":[121,192],"vector":[122],"found.":[124],"performance":[126,151,172],"evaluated":[132],"simulation":[134],"respect":[136],"inversion":[139,216],"(PI)":[140],"well":[142],"variance":[145],"distortionless":[146],"response,":[147],"showing":[148],"an":[149],"improved":[150],"at":[152],"typical":[153],"interference-to-noise":[154],"ratios.":[155],"adaptive":[160],"large":[163],"number":[164],"signals":[167],"and":[168,214],"consistent":[169],"under":[173],"different":[174,195],"levels":[175],"power.":[178],"Furthermore,":[179],"it":[180],"can":[181],"be":[182],"implemented":[183],"retrieving":[185],"lookup":[187],"table":[188],"precalculated":[190],"vectors":[193],"signal":[197],"directions":[198],"arrival,":[200],"requires":[202],"less":[203],"than":[204],"10":[205],"MB":[206],"memory,":[208],"instead":[209],"requiring":[211],"frequent":[212],"snapshots":[213],"operations":[217],"conventional":[220],"filters.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}