{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226017072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2022.3161863","title":"Wald Test for Adaptive Array Detection With General Configuration","display_name":"Wald Test for Adaptive Array Detection With General Configuration","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226017072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2022.3161863"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2022.3161863","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2022.3161863","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100361920","display_name":"Jun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7193-0622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059682113","display_name":"Weijian Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0330-8073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134970","display_name":"Wuhan Branch of the National Science Library","ror":"https://ror.org/046n0zq43","country_code":"CN","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210134970","https://openalex.org/I4210148850"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weijian Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan Electronic Information Institute, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan Electronic Information Institute, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134970"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100451602","display_name":"Xun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4922-8116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044520390","display_name":"Danilo Orlando","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-8505"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danilo Orlando","raw_affiliation_strings":["Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano, Rome, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045179998","display_name":"Alfonso Farina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3247-2427"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76806421","display_name":"SELEX Sistemi Integrati","ror":"https://ror.org/02sj0zy88","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76806421"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alfonso Farina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Selex ES, Rome, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Selex ES, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76806421"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100361920"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.0106,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96111259,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"5","first_page":"4423","last_page":"4433"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.7451205849647522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.7345533967018127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.7101519107818604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6537495255470276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6450102925300598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.5646604895591736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5306844711303711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5123320817947388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wald-test","display_name":"Wald test","score":0.49262791872024536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4820466935634613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.43727877736091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.43254926800727844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phased-array","display_name":"Phased array","score":0.41476666927337646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.4141644537448883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3756358027458191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-hypothesis-testing","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","score":0.3073681592941284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.22889727354049683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.21401721239089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.2134833037853241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17150047421455383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15169379115104675}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.7451205849647522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.7345533967018127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.7101519107818604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6537495255470276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6450102925300598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.5646604895591736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5306844711303711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5123320817947388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203274628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q748664","display_name":"Wald test","level":3,"score":0.49262791872024536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4820466935634613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.43727877736091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.43254926800727844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55494473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727898","display_name":"Phased array","level":3,"score":0.41476666927337646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.4141644537448883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3756358027458191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.3073681592941284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.22889727354049683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21401721239089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.2134833037853241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17150047421455383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15169379115104675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2022.3161863","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2022.3161863","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1272488","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11568/1272488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1970520617","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61922075","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2557766157","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071482","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3580731644","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871469","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/031141b54"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595851582","https://openalex.org/W653761051","https://openalex.org/W1177108033","https://openalex.org/W1426280032","https://openalex.org/W1495949875","https://openalex.org/W1583946433","https://openalex.org/W1971846076","https://openalex.org/W1976044906","https://openalex.org/W1986921156","https://openalex.org/W1997439639","https://openalex.org/W2009570810","https://openalex.org/W2059120895","https://openalex.org/W2077602393","https://openalex.org/W2091489596","https://openalex.org/W2103089261","https://openalex.org/W2106999806","https://openalex.org/W2108297400","https://openalex.org/W2118880464","https://openalex.org/W2122274174","https://openalex.org/W2123200950","https://openalex.org/W2124146532","https://openalex.org/W2128751355","https://openalex.org/W2131826810","https://openalex.org/W2135430906","https://openalex.org/W2144158572","https://openalex.org/W2149826217","https://openalex.org/W2151166516","https://openalex.org/W2152886425","https://openalex.org/W2164306690","https://openalex.org/W2165189186","https://openalex.org/W2166167085","https://openalex.org/W2166904063","https://openalex.org/W2167012286","https://openalex.org/W2169590895","https://openalex.org/W2170374575","https://openalex.org/W2171526273","https://openalex.org/W2283644562","https://openalex.org/W2475682732","https://openalex.org/W2493482596","https://openalex.org/W2552464625","https://openalex.org/W2804804045","https://openalex.org/W2808781466","https://openalex.org/W2969558369","https://openalex.org/W3084266373","https://openalex.org/W3107131887","https://openalex.org/W3126357218","https://openalex.org/W3128947043","https://openalex.org/W3148198191","https://openalex.org/W3179903767","https://openalex.org/W3192147038","https://openalex.org/W4206688484","https://openalex.org/W4230959423","https://openalex.org/W4299448626"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2979111876","https://openalex.org/W1995640498","https://openalex.org/W1983393909","https://openalex.org/W2165968459","https://openalex.org/W2998914743","https://openalex.org/W2040150569","https://openalex.org/W2132174924","https://openalex.org/W2013909972","https://openalex.org/W1911540634","https://openalex.org/W1535628214"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Assume":[0],"that":[1,97,132],"a":[2,7,102,116],"modern":[3],"radar":[4,34],"system":[5],"has":[6,101],"general":[8],"antenna":[9],"array":[10,33],"configuration":[11],"consisting":[12],"of":[13,52,58,90],"primary":[14],"channels":[15,21],"with":[16,22,39,78,108],"high-gain":[17],"beams":[18],"and":[19],"reference":[20],"low-gain":[23],"beams.":[24],"We":[25],"consider":[26],"the":[27,50,59,65,69,79,88,98,111,120,126,133,140],"target":[28,71,81,141],"detection":[29,121],"problem":[30],"for":[31,87,119],"such":[32],"systems":[35],"in":[36,64,125],"Gaussian":[37],"disturbance":[38,112],"unknown":[40],"covariance":[41,113],"matrix.":[42,114],"An":[43,84],"adaptive":[44],"detector":[45,61,100,135],"is":[46,93,123],"proposed":[47,60,99,134],"according":[48],"to":[49,110],"criterion":[51],"Wald":[53],"test.":[54],"The":[55],"statistical":[56],"properties":[57],"are":[62],"provided":[63],"mismatched":[66,127],"case,":[67],"where":[68],"nominal":[70],"steering":[72,82,142],"vector":[73,143],"may":[74],"not":[75],"be":[76],"aligned":[77],"true":[80],"vector.":[83],"analytical":[85],"expression":[86,118],"probability":[89,122],"false":[91,104],"alarm":[92,105],"derived,":[94],"which":[95],"reveals":[96],"constant":[103],"rate":[106],"property":[107],"respect":[109],"Moreover,":[115],"closed-form":[117],"obtained":[124],"case.":[128],"Simulation":[129],"results":[130],"demonstrate":[131],"exhibits":[136],"strong":[137],"robustness":[138],"against":[139],"mismatch.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}