{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226373099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2022.3159295","title":"Automatic Target Recognition Based on RCS and Angular Diversity for Multistatic Passive Radar","display_name":"Automatic Target Recognition Based on RCS and Angular Diversity for Multistatic Passive Radar","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226373099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2022.3159295"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2022.3159295","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2022.3159295","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030474452","display_name":"Xiaomao Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8058-4717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaomao Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014211647","display_name":"Jianxin Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0585-0445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianxin Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0585-0445","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100301812","display_name":"Ziping Gong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziping Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091601452","display_name":"Xianrong Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1619-7835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianrong Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1619-7835","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.0138,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96958913,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"5","first_page":"4226","last_page":"4240"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.690690279006958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6533806920051575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-cross-section","display_name":"Radar cross-section","score":0.61907958984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-probability-of-intercept-radar","display_name":"Low probability of intercept radar","score":0.6094803214073181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-target-recognition","display_name":"Automatic target recognition","score":0.5921167135238647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multistatic-radar","display_name":"Multistatic radar","score":0.547599196434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-radar","display_name":"Passive radar","score":0.5458841323852539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistatic-radar","display_name":"Bistatic radar","score":0.4859786927700043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.4678502678871155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46019721031188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.4584296941757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.42764973640441895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.42024290561676025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.40480107069015503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.18431103229522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13786795735359192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1353374719619751}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.690690279006958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6533806920051575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101457746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q560430","display_name":"Radar cross-section","level":3,"score":0.61907958984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147345108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693040","display_name":"Low probability of intercept radar","level":5,"score":0.6094803214073181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117623542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621974","display_name":"Automatic target recognition","level":3,"score":0.5921167135238647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777585438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6935105","display_name":"Multistatic radar","level":5,"score":0.547599196434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151120012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2143008","display_name":"Passive radar","level":5,"score":0.5458841323852539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.4859786927700043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.4678502678871155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46019721031188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.4584296941757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.42764973640441895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.42024290561676025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.40480107069015503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.18431103229522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13786795735359192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1353374719619751}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2022.3159295","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2022.3159295","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2881376500","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071335","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5167205206","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61831009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G999317951","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61931015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497142123","https://openalex.org/W1686446769","https://openalex.org/W1993520254","https://openalex.org/W2021157183","https://openalex.org/W2096859266","https://openalex.org/W2165299997","https://openalex.org/W2165713270","https://openalex.org/W2334187978","https://openalex.org/W2784096112","https://openalex.org/W2791649745","https://openalex.org/W2808245333","https://openalex.org/W2889046504","https://openalex.org/W2897445187","https://openalex.org/W2921072119","https://openalex.org/W2921869128","https://openalex.org/W3011898310","https://openalex.org/W3030535086","https://openalex.org/W3127401492","https://openalex.org/W3155438414","https://openalex.org/W3206147056"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4296501310","https://openalex.org/W948099415","https://openalex.org/W2768464037","https://openalex.org/W4285171152","https://openalex.org/W1524135043","https://openalex.org/W2516437499","https://openalex.org/W1537638298","https://openalex.org/W1604136879","https://openalex.org/W2801458252","https://openalex.org/W2580092955"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Asan":[0],"important":[1,51],"means":[2],"in":[3,73,117,137,174],"low-altitude":[4,19],"airspace":[5],"surveillance,":[6],"passive":[7,39,74,133],"radar":[8,45,134],"has":[9,190],"been":[10],"widely":[11],"studied.":[12],"With":[13],"the":[14,18,21,34,41,54,64,82,85,91,100,123,131,152,166,170,175,187,195,208],"increasing":[15],"complexity":[16],"of":[17,27,36,56,84,96,99,106,130,155,202],"environment,":[20],"urgent":[22],"need":[23],"for":[24,38,53],"radar's":[25],"capability":[26],"automatic":[28],"target":[29,172,183],"recognition":[30,198],"(ATR)":[31],"emerges.":[32],"In":[33,59],"field":[35],"ATR":[37,72,79],"radar,":[40],"method":[42,80,189],"based":[43,180],"on":[44,81,151,169,181,194],"cross":[46],"section":[47],"(RCS)":[48],"is":[49,162],"an":[50,78,138],"direction":[52],"simplicity":[55],"feature":[57],"extraction.":[58],"this":[60],"article,":[61],"we":[62,89,113],"exploit":[63],"compensated":[65],"quasi-echo-power":[66],"(CQEP),":[67],"i.e.,":[68],"quasi-RCS,":[69],"to":[70,122,142,164],"realize":[71],"radar.":[75],"We":[76],"propose":[77],"basis":[83],"angular":[86,92,119,139],"diversity.":[87],"First,":[88],"divide":[90],"space,":[93],"which":[94,206],"consists":[95],"four":[97],"components":[98],"incident":[101],"angle":[102,105],"and":[103,145],"scattering":[104],"electromagnetic":[107],"wave,":[108],"into":[109],"multiple":[110],"subspaces.":[111],"Then,":[112],"build":[114],"a":[115,147,159,191],"subrecognizer":[116],"each":[118],"subspace":[120,140],"according":[121],"CQEP":[124],"distribution":[125],"characteristics.":[126],"Each":[127],"receiving":[128,157,204],"station":[129],"multistatic":[132],"recognizes":[135],"targets":[136],"corresponding":[141],"its":[143],"observation":[144],"outputs":[146],"preliminary":[148,153],"decision.":[149],"Based":[150],"decisions":[154],"all":[156],"stations,":[158,205],"voting":[160],"strategy":[161],"adopted":[163],"make":[165],"final":[167],"decision":[168],"unknown":[171],"class":[173],"fusion":[176,201],"center.":[177],"Experimental":[178],"results":[179],"real-life":[182],"data":[184],"show":[185],"that":[186],"proposed":[188,209],"significant":[192],"improvement":[193],"average":[196],"correct":[197],"rate":[199],"with":[200],"three":[203],"validates":[207],"method.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}