{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210576512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2022.3147435","title":"When Infrared Small Target Detection Meets Tensor Ring Decomposition: A Multiscale Morphological Framework","display_name":"When Infrared Small Target Detection Meets Tensor Ring Decomposition: A Multiscale Morphological Framework","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210576512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2022.3147435"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2022.3147435","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2022.3147435","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3056347","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089466271","display_name":"Lizhen Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4494-9918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lizhen Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center of Communication and Network Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center of Communication and Network Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100612511","display_name":"Ji\u00e9 Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0995-3858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Province Key Lab on Image Processing and Image Communication, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Province Key Lab on Image Processing and Image Communication, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056604663","display_name":"Guoxia Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0036-8820"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoxia Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjovik, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjovik, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052986170","display_name":"Hu Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5528-8721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Province Key Lab on Image Processing and Image Communication, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Province Key Lab on Image Processing and Image Communication, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089466271"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.835,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97530051,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"4","first_page":"3162","last_page":"3176"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.7333502173423767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7011836171150208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5446438789367676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensor","display_name":"Tensor (intrinsic definition)","score":0.5146397352218628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49524393677711487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4783070385456085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4577743709087372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3580952286720276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3576803505420685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12350142002105713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.07188951969146729}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7333502173423767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7011836171150208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5446438789367676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155281189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518150","display_name":"Tensor (intrinsic definition)","level":2,"score":0.5146397352218628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49524393677711487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4783070385456085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4577743709087372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3580952286720276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3576803505420685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12350142002105713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.07188951969146729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2022.3147435","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2022.3147435","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/3056347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3056347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"3162-3176","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/3056347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3056347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"3162-3176","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6044263139","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62072256","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978993121","https://openalex.org/W1992426838","https://openalex.org/W1992873714","https://openalex.org/W1996846725","https://openalex.org/W2006851788","https://openalex.org/W2019689054","https://openalex.org/W2024165284","https://openalex.org/W2028273200","https://openalex.org/W2032896495","https://openalex.org/W2038198231","https://openalex.org/W2038979792","https://openalex.org/W2040154021","https://openalex.org/W2041560658","https://openalex.org/W2041888557","https://openalex.org/W2046925174","https://openalex.org/W2048643133","https://openalex.org/W2051185466","https://openalex.org/W2052955282","https://openalex.org/W2058928435","https://openalex.org/W2091449379","https://openalex.org/W2098289678","https://openalex.org/W2105839704","https://openalex.org/W2107305286","https://openalex.org/W2138042958","https://openalex.org/W2154741421","https://openalex.org/W2231011007","https://openalex.org/W2288886961","https://openalex.org/W2341998679","https://openalex.org/W2344666353","https://openalex.org/W2350250262","https://openalex.org/W2499656830","https://openalex.org/W2568819930","https://openalex.org/W2594017825","https://openalex.org/W2604768956","https://openalex.org/W2744223068","https://openalex.org/W2780677785","https://openalex.org/W2790555938","https://openalex.org/W2805012281","https://openalex.org/W2900678331","https://openalex.org/W2912919760","https://openalex.org/W2927689530","https://openalex.org/W2954613285","https://openalex.org/W2962708900","https://openalex.org/W2963615402","https://openalex.org/W2964229782","https://openalex.org/W2977377165","https://openalex.org/W2981068491","https://openalex.org/W2996275178","https://openalex.org/W3021020015","https://openalex.org/W3024748887","https://openalex.org/W3026587394","https://openalex.org/W3034092487","https://openalex.org/W3040978858","https://openalex.org/W3092404985","https://openalex.org/W3097913527","https://openalex.org/W3102894800","https://openalex.org/W3105774572","https://openalex.org/W3110352253","https://openalex.org/W3118647853","https://openalex.org/W3118934234","https://openalex.org/W3127708505","https://openalex.org/W3145563919","https://openalex.org/W3171243408","https://openalex.org/W6689688913"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770593030","https://openalex.org/W3154990682","https://openalex.org/W2560201613","https://openalex.org/W2171975302","https://openalex.org/W2022352247","https://openalex.org/W2488129135","https://openalex.org/W4312219546","https://openalex.org/W2377538627","https://openalex.org/W2107220315","https://openalex.org/W1589637664"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Detecting":[0],"the":[1,58,66,79,86,92,126,130,133,138,143,154,173,178,187],"small":[2,43,69,190],"targets":[3,192],"from":[4],"a":[5,13,26,48,75,114,165,205],"heterogeneous":[6],"background":[7,199],"in":[8,28,186,197],"an":[9],"infrared":[10,42,63,191],"image":[11],"is":[12,54,72,135,162],"challenging":[14],"problem,":[15],"which":[16],"has":[17],"received":[18],"extensive":[19],"attention.":[20],"In":[21,150],"this":[22],"article,":[23],"we":[24,90],"propose":[25],"method":[27,146,161],"terms":[29],"of":[30,61,68,77,102,132,147,157,167,175,183,189],"tensor":[31,49,80],"ring":[32,117],"(TR)":[33],"decomposition":[34,88],"and":[35,181],"nonlinear":[36,123],"multiscale":[37],"morphological":[38,107,111],"top-hat":[39,93,118],"transformation":[40],"for":[41,56,125],"target":[44,70],"detection":[45,71,169,179,188],"(ISTD).":[46],"First,":[47],"model":[50,97,112,134,185,202],"with":[51,82,98,164],"prior":[52],"knowledge":[53],"constructed":[55],"extracting":[57],"structural":[59,100],"features":[60],"multiple":[62,99],"images.":[64],"Then,":[65],"problem":[67,76],"converted":[73],"into":[74,95],"minimizing":[78],"rank":[81],"TR.":[83],"Based":[84],"on":[85],"TR":[87],"model,":[89],"introduce":[91],"regularization":[94,119],"our":[96,158,160,184,201],"elements":[101],"different":[103],"size":[104],"to":[105,152],"perform":[106],"operations.":[108],"The":[109],"corresponding":[110],"exploits":[113],"more":[115],"accurate":[116],"expression":[120],"through":[121],"adaptive":[122],"combination":[124],"ISTD":[127],"problem.":[128],"Finally,":[129],"optimization":[131],"realized":[136],"by":[137,142],"closed":[139],"solution":[140],"given":[141],"alternating":[144],"direction":[145],"multipliers":[148],"algorithm.":[149],"order":[151],"verify":[153],"superior":[155],"performance":[156],"method,":[159],"compared":[163],"number":[166],"advanced":[168],"models.":[170],"By":[171],"analyzing":[172],"results":[174],"comparison":[176],"experiments,":[177],"accuracy":[180],"precision":[182],"have":[193],"been":[194],"improved.":[195],"Even":[196],"complex":[198],"conditions,":[200],"also":[203],"maintain":[204],"good":[206],"robustness.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}