{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205488300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3139569","title":"Signal Tracking Algorithm With Adaptive Multipath Mitigation and Experimental Results for LTE Positioning Receivers in Urban Environments","display_name":"Signal Tracking Algorithm With Adaptive Multipath Mitigation and Experimental Results for LTE Positioning Receivers in Urban Environments","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205488300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3139569"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2021.3139569","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3139569","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101687554","display_name":"Pai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9686-609X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research, Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA","Shanghai Key Laboratory of BeiDou Navigation and Location Services, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9686-609X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research, Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of BeiDou Navigation and Location Services, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069192431","display_name":"Yang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9169-2863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research, Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9169-2863","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research, Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078078392","display_name":"Y. Jade Morton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9173-2888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Jade Morton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research, Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9173-2888","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research, Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2375,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88433348,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"4","first_page":"2779","last_page":"2795"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.8328056335449219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7415069341659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.5664666295051575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-mitigation","display_name":"Multipath mitigation","score":0.5652729272842407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5295273661613464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-interference","display_name":"Multipath interference","score":0.520280659198761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delay-spread","display_name":"Delay spread","score":0.51634681224823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4786297380924225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-of-arrival","display_name":"Time of arrival","score":0.4414423108100891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.43509453535079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43401777744293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rake-receiver","display_name":"Rake receiver","score":0.41282257437705994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4072836637496948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.20684459805488586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1803160309791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14051097631454468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0869922935962677}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.8328056335449219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7415069341659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.5664666295051575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776015439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25313558","display_name":"Multipath mitigation","level":4,"score":0.5652729272842407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5295273661613464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174749922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath interference","level":4,"score":0.520280659198761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49456836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q666814","display_name":"Delay spread","level":4,"score":0.51634681224823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4786297380924225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163150518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4135208","display_name":"Time of arrival","level":3,"score":0.4414423108100891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.43509453535079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43401777744293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23486597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125543","display_name":"Rake receiver","level":4,"score":0.41282257437705994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4072836637496948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.20684459805488586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1803160309791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14051097631454468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0869922935962677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2021.3139569","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3139569","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480246942","https://openalex.org/W1963164960","https://openalex.org/W1979154650","https://openalex.org/W1989663262","https://openalex.org/W1996825284","https://openalex.org/W2003300141","https://openalex.org/W2010942717","https://openalex.org/W2038746581","https://openalex.org/W2052666866","https://openalex.org/W2058822182","https://openalex.org/W2064709024","https://openalex.org/W2076080066","https://openalex.org/W2083400934","https://openalex.org/W2093275630","https://openalex.org/W2095963805","https://openalex.org/W2102803874","https://openalex.org/W2110338450","https://openalex.org/W2110460697","https://openalex.org/W2113891116","https://openalex.org/W2120796264","https://openalex.org/W2139855231","https://openalex.org/W2147408679","https://openalex.org/W2154621370","https://openalex.org/W2155485201","https://openalex.org/W2183097636","https://openalex.org/W2322695148","https://openalex.org/W2326132835","https://openalex.org/W2472946096","https://openalex.org/W2486119320","https://openalex.org/W2487282528","https://openalex.org/W2590646111","https://openalex.org/W2591849218","https://openalex.org/W2593683299","https://openalex.org/W2601478304","https://openalex.org/W2622272405","https://openalex.org/W2744366673","https://openalex.org/W2776656643","https://openalex.org/W2782654437","https://openalex.org/W2800960155","https://openalex.org/W2808589112","https://openalex.org/W2810753555","https://openalex.org/W2838371091","https://openalex.org/W2906229647","https://openalex.org/W2949679489","https://openalex.org/W2954592361","https://openalex.org/W2961218374","https://openalex.org/W2995103770","https://openalex.org/W3000451224","https://openalex.org/W3028058884","https://openalex.org/W3030602447","https://openalex.org/W3035307462","https://openalex.org/W3044194880","https://openalex.org/W3095397382","https://openalex.org/W3097403648","https://openalex.org/W3098870078","https://openalex.org/W3099400782","https://openalex.org/W3181427542","https://openalex.org/W6722409590","https://openalex.org/W6731199773","https://openalex.org/W6781015321","https://openalex.org/W7037730639"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574430796","https://openalex.org/W1935231794","https://openalex.org/W2110552254","https://openalex.org/W2111708194","https://openalex.org/W1736144247","https://openalex.org/W2125264923","https://openalex.org/W2052432379","https://openalex.org/W2132182144","https://openalex.org/W2159725040","https://openalex.org/W2166624944"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Positioning":[0],"with":[1,93,105,167],"cellular":[2,34,50],"signals":[3,18,35,148],"has":[4],"been":[5],"gaining":[6],"attention":[7],"in":[8,151],"urban":[9,39,153],"and":[10,30,72,173,221],"indoor":[11],"environments,":[12],"where":[13],"global":[14],"navigation":[15],"satellite":[16],"system":[17],"have":[19],"limited":[20],"availability":[21],"due":[22],"to":[23,67,116,137,176,198],"interference,":[24],"blockage,":[25],"or":[26],"multipath.":[27],"However,":[28],"accurate":[29],"reliable":[31],"tracking":[32,55,75,158,184,202,210,223],"of":[33,84,120,141,170,180,187],"under":[36,76],"highly":[37],"dynamic":[38],"channel":[40],"conditions":[41],"remains":[42],"a":[43,49,106,188],"challenging":[44],"task.":[45],"This":[46,161],"article":[47,162],"presents":[48,163],"long-term":[51],"evolution":[52],"(LTE)":[53],"signal":[54,98,157,174,183],"algorithm":[56,211],"implemented":[57],"by":[58],"an":[59,152],"adaptive":[60,139],"multipath":[61,78,102,110,123,132,171],"estimating":[62],"delay":[63],"lock":[64],"loop":[65],"(AMEDLL)":[66],"achieve":[68],"carrier":[69,193],"phase":[70,194],"synchronization":[71],"time-of-arrival":[73],"(TOA)":[74],"severe":[77],"propagation":[79],"conditions.":[80],"The":[81],"analytical":[82],"expression":[83],"the":[85,94,118,142,156,178,181,200,208,218],"coherently":[86],"integrated":[87],"correlation":[88],"result":[89],"over":[90,217],"multiple":[91],"slots":[92],"LTE":[95,147],"cell-specific":[96],"reference":[97],"is":[99,114],"derived.":[100],"A":[101],"estimator":[103],"along":[104],"simple":[107],"yet":[108],"efficient":[109],"estimation":[111,215],"monitoring":[112,127],"approach":[113],"developed":[115,182],"estimate":[117],"parameters":[119],"all":[121],"detected":[122],"signals.":[124],"Several":[125],"heuristic":[126],"criteria":[128],"based":[129],"on":[130],"historical":[131],"parameter":[133],"estimations":[134,195],"are":[135,149,196],"established":[136],"enable":[138],"adjustment":[140],"estimated":[143],"path":[144],"number.":[145],"Real":[146],"collected":[150],"environment":[154],"for":[155],"performance":[159],"evaluation.":[160],"two":[164],"case":[165],"studies":[166],"varying":[168],"levels":[169],"effects":[172],"power":[175],"illustrate":[177],"effectiveness":[179],"algorithm.":[185],"Instead":[186],"TOA":[189,201,214],"truth":[190],"reference,":[191],"open-loop":[192],"used":[197],"analyze":[199],"error.":[203],"Our":[204],"analyses":[205],"demonstrate":[206],"that":[207],"AMEDLL-based":[209],"provides":[212],"improved":[213],"accuracy":[216],"existing":[219],"super-resolution-algorithm-based":[220],"delay-lock-loop-based":[222],"schemes.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
