{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3212748215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3126370","title":"On Parameter Identifiability of Diversity-Smoothing-Based MIMO Radar","display_name":"On Parameter Identifiability of Diversity-Smoothing-Based MIMO Radar","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3212748215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3126370","mag":"3212748215"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2021.3126370","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3126370","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063149968","display_name":"Junpeng Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9910-0663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junpeng Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9910-0663","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082539585","display_name":"Zai Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9502-5176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zai Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9502-5176","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054002392","display_name":"Yongxiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0682-8365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongxiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":63.4941,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99829381,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"3","first_page":"1660","last_page":"1675"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identifiability","display_name":"Identifiability","score":0.8110905885696411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.789275050163269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7330873608589172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistatic-radar","display_name":"Bistatic radar","score":0.5841444730758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5696969628334045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-diversity","display_name":"Antenna diversity","score":0.4947938323020935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.493233859539032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4786854386329651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.41723066568374634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.40672898292541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.3795034885406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3676384687423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3460928797721863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.2605799734592438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.25263285636901855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18768572807312012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.1514413058757782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.14560547471046448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0843471884727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.06381374597549438}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122770356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1656753","display_name":"Identifiability","level":2,"score":0.8110905885696411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.789275050163269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7330873608589172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.5841444730758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5696969628334045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60069766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357054","display_name":"Antenna diversity","level":3,"score":0.4947938323020935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.493233859539032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4786854386329651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.41723066568374634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.40672898292541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.3795034885406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3676384687423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3460928797721863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.2605799734592438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.25263285636901855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18768572807312012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.1514413058757782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.14560547471046448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0843471884727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.06381374597549438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2021.3126370","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3126370","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3266017007","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61977053","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3338179188","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u5f20\u91cf\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u7a00\u758f\u9635\u5217MIMO\u96f7\u8fbe\u6d4b\u5411\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62071476","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4143687531","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11922116","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5619650941","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZK20-33","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324150","funder_display_name":"National University of Defense Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5777877702","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M683728","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5850776419","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021T140788","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5979008009","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61921001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324150","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487444668","https://openalex.org/W1530239534","https://openalex.org/W1621341996","https://openalex.org/W1960387497","https://openalex.org/W1981027363","https://openalex.org/W1992867392","https://openalex.org/W1994477821","https://openalex.org/W2000317822","https://openalex.org/W2001808908","https://openalex.org/W2003157621","https://openalex.org/W2007675899","https://openalex.org/W2009506162","https://openalex.org/W2018744547","https://openalex.org/W2041453169","https://openalex.org/W2044448684","https://openalex.org/W2050113095","https://openalex.org/W2079269116","https://openalex.org/W2083506609","https://openalex.org/W2098174516","https://openalex.org/W2104471789","https://openalex.org/W2106369199","https://openalex.org/W2110798624","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2115309662","https://openalex.org/W2116414176","https://openalex.org/W2120186527","https://openalex.org/W2128131274","https://openalex.org/W2130393104","https://openalex.org/W2136274821","https://openalex.org/W2291577177","https://openalex.org/W2474469057","https://openalex.org/W2497079801","https://openalex.org/W2559897227","https://openalex.org/W2614193553","https://openalex.org/W2742426150","https://openalex.org/W2773106012","https://openalex.org/W2791515002","https://openalex.org/W2795732826","https://openalex.org/W2883978434","https://openalex.org/W2927109059","https://openalex.org/W2931366486","https://openalex.org/W2941246941","https://openalex.org/W2962727817","https://openalex.org/W3097932407","https://openalex.org/W3161389266"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974129636","https://openalex.org/W2552635486","https://openalex.org/W1598584175","https://openalex.org/W3006948849","https://openalex.org/W3214883977","https://openalex.org/W1998523300","https://openalex.org/W2173736524","https://openalex.org/W1972488940","https://openalex.org/W2130590832","https://openalex.org/W1998999699"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diversity":[0],"smoothing":[1,152,155],"has":[2],"been":[3],"widely":[4],"used":[5],"for":[6,38,123,131],"angle":[7],"estimation":[8],"with":[9,47],"multiple":[10,12],"input":[11],"output":[13],"(MIMO)":[14],"radar":[15,135],"in":[16,160],"the":[17,25,44,52,61,73,87,103,107,117,129,132,145],"presence":[18],"of":[19,60,93,102,120],"coherent":[20,45],"or":[21,153],"correlated":[22],"targets,":[23],"and":[24,51,64,90,95,106,157],"parameter":[26,80],"identifiability":[27,81],"is":[28,142],"an":[29],"interesting":[30],"issue.":[31],"Previous":[32],"works":[33],"have":[34],"shown":[35,143],"sufficient":[36],"conditions":[37,130],"some":[39],"special":[40,161],"cases,":[41],"such":[42],"as":[43,57,100],"targets":[46,122],"conventional":[48],"MIMO":[49,85,134],"radar,":[50],"array":[53],"size":[54],"are":[55,98,113,136,165],"derived":[56,99,137],"a":[58,78,124],"function":[59],"target":[62,65,104,108,126],"number":[63,105,119],"structure.":[66,109,127],"In":[67],"this":[68],"article,":[69],"we":[70],"further":[71],"introduce":[72],"interelement":[74,91],"spacings":[75,92],"to":[76,115],"build":[77],"complete":[79],"scheme.":[82],"For":[83],"monostatic":[84],"radars,":[86],"antenna":[88],"numbers":[89],"transmit":[94],"receive":[96],"arrays":[97],"functions":[101],"The":[110],"optimization":[111],"models":[112],"built":[114],"calculate":[116],"maximum":[118],"detectable":[121],"given":[125],"Additionally,":[128],"bistatic":[133],"from":[138],"two-dimension":[139],"viewpoint.":[140],"It":[141],"that":[144,167],"new":[146],"results":[147,164],"improve":[148],"upon":[149],"previous":[150],"spatial":[151],"diversity":[154],"methods":[156],"recover":[158],"them":[159],"cases.":[162],"Simulation":[163],"presented":[166],"corroborate":[168],"our":[169],"theoretical":[170],"findings.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
