{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3194203159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3103259","title":"A Simplified Worldwide Ionospheric Model for Satellite Navigation","display_name":"A Simplified Worldwide Ionospheric Model for Satellite Navigation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3194203159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3103259","mag":"3194203159"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2021.3103259","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3103259","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100786597","display_name":"Cheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2603-1177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101917788","display_name":"Tao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9725-0185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101989992","display_name":"Lei Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1579-1266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100709710","display_name":"Chuang Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1600-9160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuang Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008995911","display_name":"Guifei Jing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guifei Jing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100786597"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.475,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6876581,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"1","first_page":"391","last_page":"405"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosphere","display_name":"Ionosphere","score":0.8008542060852051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.7109911441802979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.6472246646881104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galileo","display_name":"Galileo (satellite navigation)","score":0.6119849681854248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.5767030715942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5679876208305359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.5516886115074158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudorange","display_name":"Pseudorange","score":0.5050211548805237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-navigation","display_name":"Satellite navigation","score":0.4841778576374054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.44433918595314026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.34040361642837524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2028978168964386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1906641125679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1458246111869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.14296704530715942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09502044320106506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.07493403553962708}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.8008542060852051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.7109911441802979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.6472246646881104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177219330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193902","display_name":"Galileo (satellite navigation)","level":2,"score":0.6119849681854248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.5767030715942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5679876208305359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.5516886115074158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174201072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187347","display_name":"Pseudorange","level":4,"score":0.5050211548805237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36301306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179435","display_name":"Satellite navigation","level":3,"score":0.4841778576374054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.44433918595314026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.34040361642837524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2028978168964386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1906641125679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1458246111869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.14296704530715942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09502044320106506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.07493403553962708}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2021.3103259","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3103259","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2577645060","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41931075","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8507926118","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41804024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G889557081","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41804026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W189859397","https://openalex.org/W1979960426","https://openalex.org/W1987326676","https://openalex.org/W1997488673","https://openalex.org/W2002301579","https://openalex.org/W2040105363","https://openalex.org/W2044833915","https://openalex.org/W2055147899","https://openalex.org/W2058160370","https://openalex.org/W2075056964","https://openalex.org/W2081932370","https://openalex.org/W2090288797","https://openalex.org/W2153105094","https://openalex.org/W2273192325","https://openalex.org/W2770194917","https://openalex.org/W2893253100","https://openalex.org/W2916571471","https://openalex.org/W2919605053","https://openalex.org/W2971888319","https://openalex.org/W2990229927","https://openalex.org/W3003263134","https://openalex.org/W3015809536","https://openalex.org/W3024631700","https://openalex.org/W6770677559"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2319461109","https://openalex.org/W1973567237","https://openalex.org/W1984382679","https://openalex.org/W2548681929","https://openalex.org/W3024742034","https://openalex.org/W2792105559","https://openalex.org/W193501054","https://openalex.org/W3160507623","https://openalex.org/W2104503279","https://openalex.org/W2315973563"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ionospheric":[0,15],"delay":[1,43,165],"is":[2,69,133],"one":[3],"of":[4,8,30,88,123,154],"the":[5,23,28,41,49,65,118,136,144,147,155],"main":[6],"sources":[7],"error":[9],"in":[10,27,121,167],"satellite":[11,107,168],"positioning":[12],"and":[13,128,132,139,170],"navigation.":[14],"broadcast":[16],"parameters":[17],"are":[18],"required":[19],"to":[20,71,135],"correct":[21,72],"for":[22,45,73,106,163],"ionospheric":[24,42,74,89,103,141,164],"delay,":[25],"especially":[26],"case":[29],"massive":[31],"single-frequency":[32],"users.":[33],"The":[34,76],"well-known":[35],"Klobuchar":[36,119],"model":[37,60,68,104,113,120,149],"has":[38,114,150,160],"been":[39],"providing":[40],"corrections":[44,166],"GPS":[46],"users":[47],"during":[48],"last":[50],"several":[51],"decades.":[52],"For":[53],"Galileo":[54],"users,":[55],"a":[56,100],"three-dimensional":[57],"electron":[58],"density":[59],"(NeQuick":[61],"G)":[62],"based":[63],"on":[64,92],"NeQuick":[66,137],"climatological":[67],"used":[70],"delay.":[75],"recently":[77],"completed":[78],"Chinese":[79],"BeiDou":[80],"Satellite":[81],"Navigation":[82],"System":[83],"(BDS)":[84],"broadcasts":[85],"two":[86],"types":[87],"models":[90],"coefficients":[91],"different":[93],"signals.":[94],"In":[95],"this":[96],"article,":[97],"we":[98],"propose":[99],"simplified":[101],"worldwide":[102],"(SWIM)":[105],"positioning.":[108,171],"By":[109],"comparison,":[110],"our":[111],"SWIM":[112,148],"better":[115],"performance":[116],"than":[117],"terms":[122],"accuracy":[124],"at":[125],"both":[126],"low":[127],"high":[129,151],"solar":[130],"activity,":[131],"comparable":[134],"G":[138],"BDS":[140],"models.":[142],"At":[143],"same":[145],"time,":[146],"efficiency":[152],"because":[153],"simple":[156],"calculation":[157],"process.":[158],"It":[159],"great":[161],"potential":[162],"navigation":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}