{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3164502717","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3082703","title":"Inter-Pulse Phase Modulation Waveform Scheme for Spaceborne MIMO SAR Systems","display_name":"Inter-Pulse Phase Modulation Waveform Scheme for Spaceborne MIMO SAR Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3164502717","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3082703","mag":"3164502717"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2021.3082703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3082703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100739251","display_name":"Jie Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1933-1593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101913519","display_name":"Yue Fei Xin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1006-7634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061794109","display_name":"Xingdong Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9098-7942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing-Dong Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025884811","display_name":"Longyong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3939-6973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long-Yong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100648601","display_name":"Yanlei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9473-6218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan-Lei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100739251"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.02,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81777834,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"6","first_page":"4051","last_page":"4066"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.658258318901062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6386194229125977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6281305551528931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.552756130695343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5081276893615723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.4977834224700928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.4977717697620392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4688037037849426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.46050307154655457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonality","display_name":"Orthogonality","score":0.43969589471817017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.42877593636512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.37964946031570435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3599615693092346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.3260018825531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2519272565841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.22237065434455872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2203707993030548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17405995726585388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16072845458984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.15951716899871826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15858393907546997}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.658258318901062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6386194229125977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6281305551528931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.552756130695343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5081276893615723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.4977834224700928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.4977717697620392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4688037037849426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.46050307154655457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17137986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215067","display_name":"Orthogonality","level":2,"score":0.43969589471817017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.42877593636512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.37964946031570435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3599615693092346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.3260018825531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2519272565841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.22237065434455872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2203707993030548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17405995726585388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16072845458984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.15951716899871826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15858393907546997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2021.3082703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3082703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5222094951","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61801228","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W357677209","https://openalex.org/W385663865","https://openalex.org/W1421632428","https://openalex.org/W1651174643","https://openalex.org/W1723422219","https://openalex.org/W1953687711","https://openalex.org/W1985053641","https://openalex.org/W1993638164","https://openalex.org/W1993916311","https://openalex.org/W1999778768","https://openalex.org/W2003347695","https://openalex.org/W2007953097","https://openalex.org/W2014516115","https://openalex.org/W2036188198","https://openalex.org/W2038884814","https://openalex.org/W2040319764","https://openalex.org/W2052807823","https://openalex.org/W2056163640","https://openalex.org/W2064021030","https://openalex.org/W2074030685","https://openalex.org/W2074914476","https://openalex.org/W2077448337","https://openalex.org/W2091000356","https://openalex.org/W2097233876","https://openalex.org/W2103313641","https://openalex.org/W2109012875","https://openalex.org/W2110964282","https://openalex.org/W2126730357","https://openalex.org/W2134146185","https://openalex.org/W2135247127","https://openalex.org/W2168679345","https://openalex.org/W2176806231","https://openalex.org/W2201093044","https://openalex.org/W2224328187","https://openalex.org/W2268451914","https://openalex.org/W2321585011","https://openalex.org/W2763621063","https://openalex.org/W2946140005","https://openalex.org/W3144968051","https://openalex.org/W3214953536","https://openalex.org/W6637081229","https://openalex.org/W6637794992","https://openalex.org/W6666679590","https://openalex.org/W6676356018","https://openalex.org/W6687664999","https://openalex.org/W6693441474"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2464278922","https://openalex.org/W2004859535","https://openalex.org/W3206723816","https://openalex.org/W2126112066","https://openalex.org/W4360994276","https://openalex.org/W2934694646","https://openalex.org/W1985582750","https://openalex.org/W4320009128","https://openalex.org/W1999319515","https://openalex.org/W2546395806"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Special":[0],"attention":[1],"has":[2],"been":[3],"devoted":[4],"to":[5,43,49,96,116,132,137],"multi-input":[6],"multioutput":[7],"synthetic":[8],"aperture":[9],"radar":[10],"(MIMO":[11],"SAR)":[12],"systems":[13,22],"over":[14],"the":[15,27,41,51,54,79,83,89,98,102,105,107,123,140],"past":[16],"decades.":[17],"However,":[18,66],"performances":[19],"of":[20,101],"such":[21],"are":[23],"seriously":[24],"limited":[25],"by":[26,149],"imperfect":[28],"orthogonal":[29],"waveforms.":[30],"The":[31,125],"nonideal":[32],"orthogonality":[33],"would":[34],"introduce":[35],"ambiguous":[36,52],"energy,":[37,53],"and":[38,59,76],"therefore":[39],"degrades":[40,78],"signal":[42,115],"clutter":[44],"ratio":[45,118],"dramatically.":[46],"In":[47,86],"order":[48],"suppress":[50],"interpulse":[55],"phase":[56],"modulation":[57],"(IPPM)":[58],"range-Doppler":[60],"decouple":[61],"filtering":[62],"scheme":[63,68,92],"was":[64],"proposed.":[65],"this":[67,87],"requires":[69],"a":[70],"multiplied":[71],"pulse":[72],"repeat":[73],"frequency":[74],"(PRF),":[75],"thus":[77],"swath":[80],"width":[81],"and/or":[82],"azimuth":[84],"resolution.":[85],"article,":[88],"IPPM":[90],"waveform":[91],"is":[93,147],"further":[94,138],"developed":[95],"avoid":[97],"required":[99],"increasing":[100],"PRF.":[103],"With":[104],"developments,":[106],"MIMO":[108],"SAR":[109],"can":[110,128],"simultaneously":[111],"produce":[112],"multiple":[113,126],"higher":[114],"noise":[117,141],"image":[119],"data":[120],"without":[121],"degrading":[122],"ambiguities.":[124],"images":[127],"be":[129],"used":[130],"either":[131],"realize":[133],"multimodal":[134],"operation":[135],"or":[136],"enhance":[139],"equivalent":[142],"sigma":[143],"zero.":[144],"Theoretical":[145],"analysis":[146],"validated":[148],"numerous":[150],"simulations.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}