{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3159789651","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3074133","title":"Passive Radar Transmitter Localization Using a Planar Approximation","display_name":"Passive Radar Transmitter Localization Using a Planar Approximation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3159789651","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3074133","mag":"3159789651"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2021.3074133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3074133","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7/9564291/09409644.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7/9564291/09409644.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037527212","display_name":"Markus Krueckemeier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8626-643X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Markus Krueckemeier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microwave Engineering Lab, Institut f\u00fcr Hochfrequenztechnik,, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwave Engineering Lab, Institut f\u00fcr Hochfrequenztechnik,, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075764896","display_name":"Fabian Schwartau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9955-0322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabian Schwartau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microwave Engineering Lab, Institut f\u00fcr Hochfrequenztechnik,, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwave Engineering Lab, Institut f\u00fcr Hochfrequenztechnik,, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072947134","display_name":"Sebastian Paul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3840-1390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microwave Engineering Lab, Institut f\u00fcr Hochfrequenztechnik,, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwave Engineering Lab, Institut f\u00fcr Hochfrequenztechnik,, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023885191","display_name":"Joerg Schoebel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5161-4745"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joerg Schoebel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microwave Engineering Lab, Institut f\u00fcr Hochfrequenztechnik,, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwave Engineering Lab, Institut f\u00fcr Hochfrequenztechnik,, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037527212"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1894,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92382041,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"5","first_page":"3405","last_page":"3415"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistatic-radar","display_name":"Bistatic radar","score":0.8008601069450378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6773917078971863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6056607961654663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-radar","display_name":"Passive radar","score":0.5972906947135925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5971816778182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-engineering-details","display_name":"Radar engineering details","score":0.5808733701705933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.5491974949836731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.4971511662006378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planar","display_name":"Planar","score":0.49143683910369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-lock-on","display_name":"Radar lock-on","score":0.4903450012207031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.4567095637321472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fire-control-radar","display_name":"Fire-control radar","score":0.4521331191062927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-radar","display_name":"3D radar","score":0.4366738796234131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multistatic-radar","display_name":"Multistatic radar","score":0.4230569005012512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.42236992716789246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3624635338783264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3002718985080719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21944648027420044}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.8008601069450378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6773917078971863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6056607961654663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151120012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2143008","display_name":"Passive radar","level":5,"score":0.5972906947135925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5971816778182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.5808733701705933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.5491974949836731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.4971511662006378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134786449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3391255","display_name":"Planar","level":2,"score":0.49143683910369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185565061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6878284","display_name":"Radar lock-on","level":5,"score":0.4903450012207031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.4567095637321472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84236424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1028695","display_name":"Fire-control radar","level":5,"score":0.4521331191062927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81076408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229387","display_name":"3D radar","level":5,"score":0.4366738796234131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777585438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6935105","display_name":"Multistatic radar","level":5,"score":0.4230569005012512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.42236992716789246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3624635338783264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3002718985080719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21944648027420044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2021.3074133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3074133","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7/9564291/09409644.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2021.3074133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3074133","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7/9564291/09409644.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4632093688","display_name":"Advanced Low Flying Aircrafts Detection and Tracking","funder_award_id":"700002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7231943246","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon 2020 Programme","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8051717526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8318064016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8826631963","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon 2020 Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3159789651.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3159789651.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538006934","https://openalex.org/W2002105608","https://openalex.org/W2017460122","https://openalex.org/W2023004272","https://openalex.org/W2029564016","https://openalex.org/W2051067473","https://openalex.org/W2098621713","https://openalex.org/W2108581205","https://openalex.org/W2116087617","https://openalex.org/W2148468997","https://openalex.org/W2166543387","https://openalex.org/W2169674003","https://openalex.org/W2170051176","https://openalex.org/W2540529064","https://openalex.org/W2891798538","https://openalex.org/W2952350176","https://openalex.org/W2965950269","https://openalex.org/W2982567834","https://openalex.org/W3034722628","https://openalex.org/W4244753254","https://openalex.org/W4301014524","https://openalex.org/W6769377061"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2973447579","https://openalex.org/W4380451819","https://openalex.org/W3133174179","https://openalex.org/W2903401447","https://openalex.org/W2292023356","https://openalex.org/W2611727523","https://openalex.org/W2625203438","https://openalex.org/W2156545391","https://openalex.org/W2093472442","https://openalex.org/W3081112512"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,66],"article,":[2],"we":[3,28],"review":[4],"and":[5,26,32,45],"compare":[6],"different":[7],"methods":[8],"for":[9,17],"the":[10,49],"localization":[11],"of":[12,15,48],"an":[13,69],"illuminator":[14],"opportunity":[16],"passive":[18],"radar":[19,34,51],"systems":[20],"employing":[21],"cooperative":[22],"targets.":[23],"For":[24],"assessment":[25],"comparison,":[27],"use":[29],"numerical":[30],"simulations":[31],"real-world":[33,41],"measurements.":[35],"To":[36],"achieve":[37],"reliable":[38],"operation":[39],"under":[40],"conditions,":[42],"a":[43,62,75],"correct":[44],"robust":[46],"association":[47],"bistatic":[50],"target":[52],"observations":[53],"with":[54,68],"ground":[55],"truth":[56],"information":[57],"is":[58],"necessary.":[59],"We":[60],"introduce":[61],"novel":[63],"solution":[64],"to":[65],"issue":[67],"efficient":[70],"preprocessing":[71],"algorithm":[72],"based":[73],"on":[74],"planar":[76],"approximation.":[77]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
