{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3125509641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3054693","title":"Sequential Dynamic Leadership Inference Using Bayesian Monte Carlo Methods","display_name":"Sequential Dynamic Leadership Inference Using Bayesian Monte Carlo Methods","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3125509641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3054693","mag":"3125509641"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2021.3054693","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3054693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/316521","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100404155","display_name":"Qing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0297-4346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0297-4346","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009317778","display_name":"Bashar I. Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8974-6041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801356230","display_name":"Thales (Australia)","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7vya03","country_code":"AU","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801356230","https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]}],"countries":["AU","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bashar I. Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aveillant, THALES Land and Air Systems, Cambridge, U.K","Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8974-6041","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aveillant, THALES Land and Air Systems, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801356230"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020836373","display_name":"Simon Godsill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9522-9681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon J. Godsill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6053,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91034797,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"4","first_page":"2039","last_page":"2052"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12814","display_name":"Gaussian Processes and Bayesian Inference","score":0.9793000221252441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9753000140190125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.6363720893859863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6085329055786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.5440853834152222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain-monte-carlo","display_name":"Markov chain Monte Carlo","score":0.5422547459602356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-inference","display_name":"Bayesian inference","score":0.5022320747375488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.49058452248573303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47371309995651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","score":0.42385134100914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinematics","display_name":"Kinematics","score":0.41536009311676025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.41139790415763855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.39829307794570923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3394240140914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.33116284012794495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22625181078910828}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.6363720893859863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6085329055786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.5440853834152222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111350023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191869","display_name":"Markov chain Monte Carlo","level":3,"score":0.5422547459602356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160234255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812535","display_name":"Bayesian inference","level":3,"score":0.5022320747375488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.49058452248573303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47371309995651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781311116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","level":2,"score":0.42385134100914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.41536009311676025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.41139790415763855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.39829307794570923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3394240140914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33116284012794495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22625181078910828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2021.3054693","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3054693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/316521","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/316521","pdf_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/316521","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401777","display_name":"Apollo (University of Cambridge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I241749","host_organization_name":"University of Cambridge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.17863/cam.63629","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:generic.eprints.org:1265095","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publications.eng.cam.ac.uk/1265095/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922847","display_name":"Cambridge University Engineering Department Publications Database","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.17863/cam.63629","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.63629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050737","display_name":"Apollo","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/316521","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/316521","pdf_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/316521","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401777","display_name":"Apollo (University of Cambridge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I241749","host_organization_name":"University of Cambridge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324322","display_name":"Bundesinstitut f\u00fcr Sportwissenschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/00ya5c561"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3125509641.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3125509641.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34992941","https://openalex.org/W586722081","https://openalex.org/W1499578337","https://openalex.org/W1513008779","https://openalex.org/W1522727408","https://openalex.org/W1547716228","https://openalex.org/W1620908741","https://openalex.org/W1628268552","https://openalex.org/W1974074437","https://openalex.org/W1975520369","https://openalex.org/W2009927480","https://openalex.org/W2021532957","https://openalex.org/W2032033840","https://openalex.org/W2044717160","https://openalex.org/W2045912367","https://openalex.org/W2070154721","https://openalex.org/W2078413699","https://openalex.org/W2114432902","https://openalex.org/W2114656557","https://openalex.org/W2119959427","https://openalex.org/W2126736494","https://openalex.org/W2127021804","https://openalex.org/W2132673546","https://openalex.org/W2145482857","https://openalex.org/W2167582467","https://openalex.org/W2169282617","https://openalex.org/W2176056341","https://openalex.org/W2262168898","https://openalex.org/W2510060989","https://openalex.org/W2743549124","https://openalex.org/W2940934113","https://openalex.org/W2978626209","https://openalex.org/W3016162056","https://openalex.org/W3085958545","https://openalex.org/W3093931768","https://openalex.org/W4307492541","https://openalex.org/W6629966464","https://openalex.org/W6724992308","https://openalex.org/W6742504881"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3087071515","https://openalex.org/W4283077537","https://openalex.org/W2999603699","https://openalex.org/W2902858271","https://openalex.org/W2464065341","https://openalex.org/W2947536360","https://openalex.org/W3086697448","https://openalex.org/W1987558550","https://openalex.org/W4302573481","https://openalex.org/W2505308168"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hierarchy":[0],"and":[1,12,36,46,69,106,117],"leadership":[2,70,133,169,186],"interactions":[3,17,187],"commonly":[4],"occur":[5],"in":[6,13,148,153,171,178],"animal":[7],"groups,":[8],"crowds":[9],"of":[10,54,66,75,89,145,184,188],"people,":[11],"vehicle":[14],"motions.":[15],"Such":[16],"are":[18,126],"often":[19],"affected":[20],"by":[21,156],"one":[22],"or":[23,39],"more":[24],"individuals":[25],"who":[26],"possess":[27],"key":[28],"domain":[29],"information":[30],"(e.g.,":[31,42],"final":[32],"destination,":[33],"environmental":[34],"constraints,":[35],"best":[37],"routes)":[38],"pertinent":[40],"traits":[41],"better":[43],"navigation,":[44],"sensing,":[45],"decision":[47],"making":[48],"capabilities)":[49],"compared":[50],"with":[51,98,174],"the":[52,55,63,87,90,99,104,110,119,131,142,146,149,162,168,185,189],"rest":[53],"group.":[56,190],"This":[57],"article":[58],"presents":[59],"a":[60,79,94,175],"framework":[61],"for":[62],"automatic":[64],"identification":[65],"group":[67,91,150],"structure":[68],"from":[71],"noisy":[72],"sensory":[73],"observations":[74],"tracked":[76],"groups.":[77],"Accordingly,":[78],"new":[80],"leader-follower":[81],"model":[82],"is":[83,138,151],"developed,":[84],"which":[85],"assumes":[86],"dynamics":[88],"to":[92,103,109,128],"be":[93],"multivariate":[95],"Ornstein-Uhlenbeck":[96],"process":[97],"designated":[100],"leader(s)":[101],"drifting":[102],"destination":[105],"followers":[107],"reverting":[108],"leaders'":[111],"state.":[112],"Sequential":[113],"Monte":[114,123],"Carlo":[115,124],"approaches,":[116],"specifically":[118],"sequential":[120],"Markov":[121],"chain":[122],"approach,":[125],"adopted":[127],"infer,":[129],"probabilistically,":[130],"evolving":[132],"structure.":[134],"A":[135],"Rao-Blackwellisation":[136],"scheme":[137],"employed":[139],"such":[140],"that":[141,161],"kinematic":[143],"state":[144],"objects":[147],"inferred":[152],"closed":[154],"form":[155],"Kalman":[157],"filtering.":[158],"Experiments":[159],"show":[160],"proposed":[163],"techniques":[164],"can":[165],"successfully":[166],"determine":[167],"structures":[170],"challenging":[172],"scenarios":[173],"corresponding":[176],"enhancement":[177],"tracking":[179],"accuracy":[180],"through":[181],"direct":[182],"consideration":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-04T08:18:43.703281","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}