{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3119570919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3050649","title":"On Estimating Nonlinear Frequency Modulated Radar Signals in Low SNR Environments","display_name":"On Estimating Nonlinear Frequency Modulated Radar Signals in Low SNR Environments","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3119570919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3050649","mag":"3119570919"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2021.3050649","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3050649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007639667","display_name":"Sebastian Alphonse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7965-1732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Alphonse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7965-1732","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081569135","display_name":"G.A. Williamson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9538-9658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geoffrey A. Williamson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9538-9658","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.8991,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9726548,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"3","first_page":"1793","last_page":"1802"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.7060233950614929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.6705003976821899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.573141872882843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49515023827552795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-transfer-function","display_name":"Signal transfer function","score":0.49295806884765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.478876531124115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4359976649284363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.4306511878967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.41568320989608765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3240329623222351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3188479542732239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.261709064245224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22640261054039001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-signal","display_name":"Analog signal","score":0.21783334016799927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.21536588668823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21459367871284485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20009765028953552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.7060233950614929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6705003976821899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.573141872882843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49515023827552795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131021393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512759","display_name":"Signal transfer function","level":4,"score":0.49295806884765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.478876531124115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4359976649284363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.4306511878967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.41568320989608765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3240329623222351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3188479542732239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.261709064245224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22640261054039001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13412647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174948","display_name":"Analog signal","level":3,"score":0.21783334016799927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.21536588668823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21459367871284485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20009765028953552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2021.3050649","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3050649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W651359945","https://openalex.org/W1510617742","https://openalex.org/W1598868193","https://openalex.org/W1606026066","https://openalex.org/W1903432761","https://openalex.org/W2006135947","https://openalex.org/W2013480477","https://openalex.org/W2033031845","https://openalex.org/W2046317813","https://openalex.org/W2061735630","https://openalex.org/W2097886685","https://openalex.org/W2099191595","https://openalex.org/W2107308109","https://openalex.org/W2117929874","https://openalex.org/W2120003781","https://openalex.org/W2133900413","https://openalex.org/W2137501500","https://openalex.org/W2146361001","https://openalex.org/W2148752651","https://openalex.org/W2148840132","https://openalex.org/W2150504903","https://openalex.org/W2153816607","https://openalex.org/W2158617925","https://openalex.org/W2331869687","https://openalex.org/W2480782591","https://openalex.org/W2539061842","https://openalex.org/W2543818194","https://openalex.org/W2586095846","https://openalex.org/W2624940065","https://openalex.org/W2994925393","https://openalex.org/W2997791733","https://openalex.org/W3005326718","https://openalex.org/W4244753254"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2555581363","https://openalex.org/W2091887884","https://openalex.org/W3154381281","https://openalex.org/W3177178041","https://openalex.org/W2767592251","https://openalex.org/W2787240389","https://openalex.org/W4323793904","https://openalex.org/W2904247577","https://openalex.org/W187457102","https://openalex.org/W2082320675"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Estimating":[0],"the":[1,22,26,32,69,91,100,103,115,121,151],"signal":[2,28,39,64,71,93,128,132,154],"transmitted":[3],"by":[4,30],"a":[5,37,142],"noncooperating":[6],"radar":[7,13,27,50],"is":[8,66,95,114,125],"of":[9,25,85,90,99,145],"great":[10],"use":[11,119],"in":[12,36,117,120,150],"countermeasures.":[14],"In":[15,41],"this":[16],"article,":[17],"we":[18,43],"propose":[19],"to":[20,34,73,148],"improve":[21],"noise":[23],"resilience":[24],"estimation":[29,129],"constraining":[31],"estimate":[33,101],"be":[35],"low-dimensional":[38,70,92,131],"space.":[40,155],"particular,":[42],"focus":[44],"on":[45],"estimating":[46],"nonlinear":[47],"frequency":[48,63],"modulated":[49],"signals":[51],"that":[52,98,127],"have":[53],"good":[54],"target":[55],"resolution":[56],"characteristics.":[57],"A":[58],"flexible":[59],"3-D":[60],"odd":[61],"polynomial":[62],"model":[65],"introduced":[67],"as":[68],"space":[72,106],"compute":[74],"accurate":[75,136],"estimates":[76,94,137],"at":[77,138],"low":[78,139],"signal-to-noise":[79],"ratios":[80],"(SNRs)":[81],"with":[82,97,141],"small":[83],"number":[84,144],"intercepted":[86],"signals.":[87],"The":[88],"quality":[89],"compared":[96,147],"from":[102],"unconstrained":[104,152],"high-dimensional":[105,153],"computed":[107],"using":[108],"principal":[109],"component":[110],"analysis":[111],"estimator,":[112],"which":[113],"method":[116],"predominant":[118],"multisensor":[122],"scenario.":[123],"It":[124],"shown":[126],"through":[130],"spaces":[133],"yields":[134],"more":[135],"SNRs":[140],"smaller":[143],"sensors":[146],"searching":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}