{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3008976812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2020.3046086","title":"Adaptive Transmit Waveform Design Using Multitone Sinusoidal Frequency Modulation","display_name":"Adaptive Transmit Waveform Design Using Multitone Sinusoidal Frequency Modulation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3008976812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2020.3046086","mag":"3008976812"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2020.3046086","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2020.3046086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.10159","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"David A. Hague","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799471739","display_name":"Naval Undersea Warfare Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04bnxa153","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328969757","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2799471739","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David A. Hague","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sensors and Sonar Systems Department, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sensors and Sonar Systems Department, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799471739"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799471739"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":31.4434,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99253158,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"2","first_page":"1274","last_page":"1287"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.8152999877929688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.8152999877929688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.07020000368356705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.024000000208616257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.8662999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity-function","display_name":"Ambiguity function","score":0.692300021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-series","display_name":"Fourier series","score":0.5835000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-sinusoidal-waveform","display_name":"Non-sinusoidal waveform","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/envelope","display_name":"Envelope (radar)","score":0.490200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-modulation","display_name":"Frequency modulation","score":0.48030000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4422000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bessel-function","display_name":"Bessel function","score":0.4099000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.39340001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.3815000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.8662999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50878840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3206297","display_name":"Ambiguity function","level":4,"score":0.692300021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207864730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179467","display_name":"Fourier series","level":2,"score":0.5835000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69607680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207527","display_name":"Non-sinusoidal waveform","level":4,"score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5307000279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65155139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380912","display_name":"Envelope (radar)","level":3,"score":0.490200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.48910000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.48030000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4422000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107706756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219637","display_name":"Bessel function","level":2,"score":0.4099000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.39340001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.3815000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.36910000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3571999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207912722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259123","display_name":"Signal generator","level":3,"score":0.33480000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.33320000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57733114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006032","display_name":"Discrete Fourier transform (general)","level":5,"score":0.32580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23548689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282049","display_name":"Discrete frequency domain","level":3,"score":0.3255000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44579195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1347772","display_name":"Function generator","level":3,"score":0.3240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108307224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629983","display_name":"Arbitrary waveform generator","level":4,"score":0.3181000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.3165999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3140999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8590192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054694","display_name":"Frequency response","level":2,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5917680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2621825","display_name":"Basis function","level":2,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203024314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365258","display_name":"Fourier analysis","level":3,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177454536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578290","display_name":"Emphasis (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776003309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1988072","display_name":"Adaptive algorithm","level":2,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159694833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2321565","display_name":"Iterative method","level":2,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110558960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163461","display_name":"Delta modulation","level":5,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2020.3046086","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2020.3046086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2002.10159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2002.10159","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.10159","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2002.10159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2002.10159","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.10159","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W365061972","https://openalex.org/W1562615476","https://openalex.org/W1981935742","https://openalex.org/W1984470713","https://openalex.org/W1986830168","https://openalex.org/W1996595848","https://openalex.org/W2008081773","https://openalex.org/W2012563130","https://openalex.org/W2024776588","https://openalex.org/W2030008549","https://openalex.org/W2057724910","https://openalex.org/W2059210598","https://openalex.org/W2063146632","https://openalex.org/W2081108933","https://openalex.org/W2093894424","https://openalex.org/W2101381994","https://openalex.org/W2108625419","https://openalex.org/W2109367464","https://openalex.org/W2111460811","https://openalex.org/W2118799287","https://openalex.org/W2150424633","https://openalex.org/W2155951048","https://openalex.org/W2158576013","https://openalex.org/W2261154172","https://openalex.org/W2366365059","https://openalex.org/W2544090110","https://openalex.org/W2560387686","https://openalex.org/W2626848643","https://openalex.org/W2780231131","https://openalex.org/W2794106514","https://openalex.org/W2808190866","https://openalex.org/W2938395996","https://openalex.org/W2962677136","https://openalex.org/W2962916525","https://openalex.org/W2968636962","https://openalex.org/W2999990508","https://openalex.org/W3035725271","https://openalex.org/W4244753254","https://openalex.org/W4252841508","https://openalex.org/W4255646947","https://openalex.org/W6600193468","https://openalex.org/W6632018547","https://openalex.org/W6640809774","https://openalex.org/W6655110351","https://openalex.org/W6747710209","https://openalex.org/W6754133173","https://openalex.org/W6772740931"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,130],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,92],"adaptive":[4,131],"waveform":[5,62,132],"design":[6,37,40,133,186],"method":[7],"using":[8,99],"multitone":[9],"sinusoidal":[10],"frequency":[11],"modulation":[12,17],"(MTSFM).":[13],"The":[14,27,60,89,148],"MTSFM":[15,61,90,139,176],"waveform's":[16],"function":[18,50,54],"is":[19,135],"represented":[20],"as":[21,32],"a":[22,33,144],"finite":[23],"Fourier":[24,28],"series":[25],"expansion.":[26],"coefficients":[29],"are":[30,178],"utilized":[31],"discrete":[34],"set":[35],"of":[36,57],"parameters.":[38],"These":[39,116],"parameters":[41],"can":[42],"be":[43],"modified":[44],"to":[45],"shape":[46],"the":[47,58,66,127,161,173,190],"spectrum,":[48,112],"auto-correlation":[49],"(ACF),":[51],"and":[52,69,114],"ambiguity":[53],"(AF)":[55],"shapes":[56],"waveform.":[59],"model":[63,134],"naturally":[64],"possesses":[65],"constant":[67],"envelope":[68],"spectral":[70],"compactness":[71],"properties":[72],"that":[73,124,141,172],"make":[74],"it":[75],"well":[76],"suited":[77],"for":[78,96,105,110,119],"transmission":[79],"on":[80],"practical":[81],"radar/sonar":[82],"transmitters":[83],"which":[84,103],"utilize":[85],"high":[86],"power":[87],"amplifiers.":[88],"has":[91],"exact":[93],"mathematical":[94],"definition":[95],"its":[97,111],"time-series":[98],"generalized":[100],"Bessel":[101],"functions":[102],"allow":[104,118],"deriving":[106],"closed-form":[107],"analytical":[108],"expressions":[109,117],"AF,":[113],"ACF.":[115],"establishing":[120],"well-defined":[121],"optimization":[122],"problems":[123],"finely":[125],"tune":[126],"MTSFM's":[128],"properties.":[129],"demonstrated":[136],"by":[137],"optimizing":[138],"waveforms":[140,177,183],"initially":[142],"possess":[143,152],"\u201cthumbtack-like\u201d":[145],"AF":[146],"shape.":[147],"resulting":[149],"optimized":[150,174],"designs":[151],"substantially":[153],"improved":[154],"sidelobe":[155],"levels":[156],"over":[157],"specified":[158],"regions":[159],"in":[160,189],"range-Doppler":[162],"plane":[163],"without":[164],"increasing":[165],"their":[166],"time-bandwidth":[167],"product.":[168],"Simulations":[169],"additionally":[170],"demonstrate":[171],"thumbtacklike":[175,181],"competitive":[179],"with":[180],"phase-coded":[182],"derived":[184],"from":[185],"algorithms":[187],"available":[188],"published":[191],"literature.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2020-03-06T00:00:00"}