{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3045879363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2020.3011999","title":"A Comparative Performance Analysis of GPS L1 C/A, L5 Acquisition and Tracking Stages Under Polar and Equatorial Scintillations","display_name":"A Comparative Performance Analysis of GPS L1 C/A, L5 Acquisition and Tracking Stages Under Polar and Equatorial Scintillations","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3045879363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2020.3011999","mag":"3045879363"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2020.3011999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2020.3011999","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7/9350368/09149649.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7/9350368/09149649.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068810965","display_name":"Caner Savas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7626-9899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Caner Savas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066791828","display_name":"Gianluca Falco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-7091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155299","display_name":"LINKS Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/059r3nh67","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155299"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianluca Falco","raw_affiliation_strings":["LINKS Foundation, Turin, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LINKS Foundation, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155299"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074401924","display_name":"Fabio Dovis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6078-9099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Dovis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068810965"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.0226,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98036297,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"1","first_page":"227","last_page":"244"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.7032343149185181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.6702302098274231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6634396314620972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6502232551574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.6428486108779907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gps-signals","display_name":"GPS signals","score":0.579071044921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.5570340752601624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.503863513469696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scintillation","display_name":"Scintillation","score":0.4672527015209198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4479835629463196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.33324381709098816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assisted-gps","display_name":"Assisted GPS","score":0.32456251978874207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.27339762449264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19607532024383545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18632733821868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1290798783302307}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.7032343149185181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.6702302098274231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6634396314620972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6502232551574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.6428486108779907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12957241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15903792","display_name":"GPS signals","level":4,"score":0.579071044921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.5570340752601624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.503863513469696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102637530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078889","display_name":"Scintillation","level":3,"score":0.4672527015209198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4479835629463196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33324381709098816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198613851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432394","display_name":"Assisted GPS","level":3,"score":0.32456251978874207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.27339762449264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19607532024383545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18632733821868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1290798783302307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2020.3011999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2020.3011999","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7/9350368/09149649.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2020.3011999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2020.3011999","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7/9350368/09149649.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2689612763","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Marie","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3469847795","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"722023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8051717526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8318064016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3045879363.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3045879363.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482650181","https://openalex.org/W1486754293","https://openalex.org/W1534694419","https://openalex.org/W1926858534","https://openalex.org/W1985873700","https://openalex.org/W1987602844","https://openalex.org/W2027633442","https://openalex.org/W2040535055","https://openalex.org/W2060018844","https://openalex.org/W2094992973","https://openalex.org/W2120513596","https://openalex.org/W2123272317","https://openalex.org/W2125831066","https://openalex.org/W2126983962","https://openalex.org/W2138416886","https://openalex.org/W2141977323","https://openalex.org/W2151590370","https://openalex.org/W2152982675","https://openalex.org/W2155348031","https://openalex.org/W2155801905","https://openalex.org/W2157352646","https://openalex.org/W2185088905","https://openalex.org/W2187658954","https://openalex.org/W2188568056","https://openalex.org/W2188903172","https://openalex.org/W2293867729","https://openalex.org/W2324951596","https://openalex.org/W2526113295","https://openalex.org/W2531843006","https://openalex.org/W2563708658","https://openalex.org/W2590646111","https://openalex.org/W2591074722","https://openalex.org/W2600754845","https://openalex.org/W2601759511","https://openalex.org/W2602053364","https://openalex.org/W2616295452","https://openalex.org/W2759702576","https://openalex.org/W2763364291","https://openalex.org/W2789205794","https://openalex.org/W2791499289","https://openalex.org/W2807154995","https://openalex.org/W2863475428","https://openalex.org/W2888406588","https://openalex.org/W2903870978","https://openalex.org/W3154065323","https://openalex.org/W6632131474","https://openalex.org/W6640452366","https://openalex.org/W6686647346","https://openalex.org/W6686859980","https://openalex.org/W6687079976","https://openalex.org/W6687148259","https://openalex.org/W6701286752","https://openalex.org/W6728286607","https://openalex.org/W6735350126","https://openalex.org/W6735409738","https://openalex.org/W6737781413","https://openalex.org/W6793452293"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2286524132","https://openalex.org/W784127823","https://openalex.org/W2608323679","https://openalex.org/W1997814507","https://openalex.org/W2904713621","https://openalex.org/W3104058080","https://openalex.org/W1984018063","https://openalex.org/W3157053299","https://openalex.org/W2343145744","https://openalex.org/W3090731102"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,33],"article":[1,34,121],"provides":[2],"a":[3,76,165,202],"comparative":[4,176],"performance":[5,59,84,204],"analysis":[6,177],"of":[7,13,27,42,44,64,85,104,108,184,196],"different":[8,37,173],"acquisition":[9,38,186,198],"and":[10,17,54,95,117,136,150,187,199],"tracking":[11,68,88,188,200],"methods":[12,39],"GPS":[14,18],"L1":[15],"C/A":[16],"L5":[19],"signals":[20,131],"testing":[21],"their":[22],"robustness":[23],"to":[24,73,179,192],"the":[25,30,36,51,58,62,86,105,142,172,181,185,194],"presence":[26,63],"scintillations":[28],"in":[29,40,61,75,102,190],"propagation":[31],"environment.":[32],"compares":[35],"terms":[41,103],"probabilities":[43],"detection/false":[45],"alarm,":[46],"peak-to-noise":[47],"floor":[48],"ratios":[49],"for":[50],"acquired":[52],"signal":[53,197],"execution":[55],"time,":[56],"assessing":[57],"loss":[60],"scintillations.":[65],"Moreover,":[66],"robust":[67],"architectures":[69],"that":[70],"are":[71],"optimized":[72],"operate":[74],"harsh":[77],"ionospheric":[78],"environment":[79],"have":[80,99],"been":[81,100],"employed.":[82],"The":[83,120,175],"carrier":[87],"methods,":[89],"namely,":[90],"traditional":[91],"phase-locked":[92],"loop":[93],"(PLL)":[94],"Kalman":[96],"filter":[97],"based-PLL,":[98],"compared":[101],"standard":[106],"deviation":[107],"Doppler":[109],"estimation,":[110],"phase":[111,113,118,135],"error,":[112],"lock":[114],"indicator":[115],"(PLI),":[116],"jitter.":[119],"is":[122,162],"based":[123],"on":[124],"real":[125],"global":[126],"navigation":[127],"satellite":[128],"systems":[129],"(GNSS)":[130],"affected":[132],"by":[133],"significant":[134],"amplitude":[137],"scintillation":[138,207],"effects,":[139],"collected":[140],"at":[141,201],"South":[143],"African":[144],"Antarctic":[145],"research":[146],"base":[147],"(SANAE":[148],"IV)":[149],"Brazilian":[151],"Centro":[152],"de":[153],"Radioastronomia":[154],"e":[155],"Astrofisica":[156],"Mackenzie":[157],"(CRAAM)":[158],"monitoring":[159],"stations.":[160],"Performance":[161],"assessed":[163],"exploiting":[164],"fully":[166],"software":[167],"GNSS":[168],"receiver,":[169],"which":[170],"implements":[171],"architectures.":[174],"allows":[178],"choose":[180],"best":[182],"setting":[183],"parameters,":[189],"order":[191],"allow":[193],"operation":[195],"required":[203],"level":[205],"under":[206],"conditions.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
