{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3045651730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2020.3011997","title":"Fast Protection Levels for Fault Detection With an Application to Advanced RAIM","display_name":"Fast Protection Levels for Fault Detection With an Application to Advanced RAIM","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3045651730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2020.3011997","mag":"3045651730"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2020.3011997","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2020.3011997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071035456","display_name":"Juan Blanch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Juan Blanch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072997498","display_name":"Todd Walter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3257-3175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Todd Walter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071035456"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5984,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91872036,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"1","first_page":"55","last_page":"65"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-autonomous-integrity-monitoring","display_name":"Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring","score":0.730826735496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.7037630081176758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.6771928071975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection-and-isolation","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","score":0.6143863201141357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.6111866235733032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5484439134597778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5455847978591919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.48689356446266174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4783689081668854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4223785400390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.4142524003982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2370299994945526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.15364539623260498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12037020921707153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-navigation","display_name":"Satellite navigation","score":0.07196104526519775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.0673384964466095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0666591227054596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94821174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2135146","display_name":"Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring","level":4,"score":0.730826735496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.7037630081176758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.6771928071975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.6143863201141357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6111866235733032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5484439134597778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5455847978591919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.48689356446266174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4783689081668854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4223785400390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.4142524003982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2370299994945526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.15364539623260498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12037020921707153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36301306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179435","display_name":"Satellite navigation","level":3,"score":0.07196104526519775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.0673384964466095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0666591227054596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2020.3011997","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2020.3011997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8711594573","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DTFAWA-16-A-00005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332390","funder_display_name":"Federal Aviation Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332390","display_name":"Federal Aviation Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/05q0y0j38"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1558685142","https://openalex.org/W2072062192","https://openalex.org/W2080647722","https://openalex.org/W2126038412","https://openalex.org/W2595732579","https://openalex.org/W2606888730","https://openalex.org/W2612615430","https://openalex.org/W2805515021","https://openalex.org/W4237907096","https://openalex.org/W6734169647"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2600104467","https://openalex.org/W2393388887","https://openalex.org/W2379758693","https://openalex.org/W2389957106","https://openalex.org/W2033030382","https://openalex.org/W2886934452","https://openalex.org/W1489099099","https://openalex.org/W2024369332","https://openalex.org/W2036389817","https://openalex.org/W1974955043"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fault":[0],"detection":[1],"algorithms":[2],"(such":[3],"as":[4],"advanced":[5],"RAIM)":[6],"developed":[7],"for":[8,62,117],"aviation":[9],"can":[10,136],"be":[11,77,137],"applied":[12],"in":[13],"situations":[14],"where":[15],"the":[16,27,43,53,68,71,80,100,113,128,145],"probabilities":[17],"of":[18,37,45,70,130,147],"fault":[19,38,64,81],"are":[20],"arbitrarily":[21],"high.":[22],"However,":[23],"with":[24],"large":[25,35],"probabilities,":[26],"user":[28,54],"receiver":[29,55],"needs":[30],"to":[31,92,108,153],"protect":[32],"against":[33],"a":[34,58,94,106,118],"number":[36],"modes":[39],"(which":[40],"results":[41],"from":[42],"combination":[44],"simultaneous":[46],"independent":[47],"faults).":[48],"In":[49],"baseline":[50],"ARAIM":[51,154],"algorithms,":[52],"must":[56],"compute":[57],"fault-tolerant":[59,101],"position":[60,102],"solution":[61,95],"each":[63],"mode":[65],"(computed":[66],"using":[67],"subset":[69,114,120,132],"available":[72],"measurements":[73],"that":[74],"would":[75],"not":[76,126],"affected":[78],"by":[79,150],"mode),":[82],"or":[83],"at":[84],"least":[85],"its":[86],"error":[87,115,133],"covariance.":[88],"After":[89],"showing":[90],"how":[91],"use":[93],"separation":[96],"algorithm":[97],"without":[98,139],"computing":[99],"solutions,":[103],"we":[104],"present":[105],"technique":[107,149],"obtain":[109],"upper":[110,123],"bounds":[111],"on":[112],"covariance":[116,134],"given":[119],"size.":[121],"This":[122],"bound":[124],"does":[125],"require":[127],"computation":[129],"every":[131],"and":[135],"computed":[138],"additional":[140],"matrix":[141],"inversions.":[142],"We":[143],"evaluate":[144],"potential":[146],"this":[148],"applying":[151],"it":[152],"scenarios.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-30T08:08:38.191290","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}