{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2995974485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2019.2958191","title":"A Frequency Diversity Algorithm for Extending the Radar Doppler Velocity Nyquist Interval","display_name":"A Frequency Diversity Algorithm for Extending the Radar Doppler Velocity Nyquist Interval","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2995974485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2019.2958191","mag":"2995974485"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2019.2958191","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2019.2958191","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034075925","display_name":"V. Venkatesh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2399-3677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vijay Venkatesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2399-3677","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100440650","display_name":"Lihua Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4470-9252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lihua Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005072763","display_name":"Matthew McLinden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9175-5577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew McLinden","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017015795","display_name":"Michael Coon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5515-3378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Coon","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036424760","display_name":"Gerald M. Heymsfield","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6298-0233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerald M. Heymsfield","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087357168","display_name":"Simone Tanelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5516-6882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simone Tanelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5516-6882","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079139141","display_name":"Hayk Hovhannisyan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3956-8835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hayk Hovhannisyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA","University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034075925"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5142,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96673244,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"3","first_page":"2462","last_page":"2470"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11607","display_name":"Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-effect","display_name":"Doppler effect","score":0.6726862192153931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-repetition-frequency","display_name":"Pulse repetition frequency","score":0.559635579586029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5198079347610474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nyquist\u2013shannon-sampling-theorem","display_name":"Nyquist\u2013Shannon sampling theorem","score":0.5058465003967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.49352800846099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-radar","display_name":"Doppler radar","score":0.43259212374687195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.41778475046157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4065566062927246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21821901202201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.08033043146133423}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.6726862192153931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182862853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575887","display_name":"Pulse repetition frequency","level":3,"score":0.559635579586029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5198079347610474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C288623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679800","display_name":"Nyquist\u2013Shannon sampling theorem","level":2,"score":0.5058465003967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.49352800846099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778559676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334213","display_name":"Doppler radar","level":3,"score":0.43259212374687195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.41778475046157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4065566062927246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21821901202201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.08033043146133423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2019.2958191","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2019.2958191","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2075877336","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNH13ZDA001N","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309398","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332375","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1613795631","https://openalex.org/W1626421283","https://openalex.org/W1968388089","https://openalex.org/W1975511579","https://openalex.org/W1982711784","https://openalex.org/W2029882324","https://openalex.org/W2030250082","https://openalex.org/W2033188625","https://openalex.org/W2033536433","https://openalex.org/W2036952734","https://openalex.org/W2039049509","https://openalex.org/W2052608187","https://openalex.org/W2058493519","https://openalex.org/W2059033036","https://openalex.org/W2070506587","https://openalex.org/W2071706517","https://openalex.org/W2126730357","https://openalex.org/W2150560561","https://openalex.org/W2154091729","https://openalex.org/W2425016068","https://openalex.org/W2592680288","https://openalex.org/W2994172417","https://openalex.org/W4255775350","https://openalex.org/W6771840492"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978025251","https://openalex.org/W2351713424","https://openalex.org/W2361241744","https://openalex.org/W4252012301","https://openalex.org/W2900664875","https://openalex.org/W2235285389","https://openalex.org/W2532305960","https://openalex.org/W2086314607","https://openalex.org/W2581209175","https://openalex.org/W2022955050"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Compact":[0],"millimeter":[1],"wavelength":[2,25],"radars":[3,28],"have":[4],"been":[5],"widely":[6],"used":[7],"for":[8,255],"applications":[9],"such":[10],"as":[11,243],"remote":[12],"sensing":[13],"of":[14,26,89,163,189,195,260,263],"clouds,":[15],"guidance":[16],"avionics,":[17],"and":[18,177,202,212,237,266],"recently,":[19],"automotive":[20],"navigation.":[21],"However,":[22],"the":[23,45,50,77,103,106,134,137,142,161,164,193,203,216,225,261,295],"short":[24],"these":[27],"limits":[29],"their":[30],"maximum":[31],"unambiguous":[32],"Doppler":[33,46,78,84,155,165,272],"velocity.":[34],"A":[35],"common":[36],"solution":[37],"to":[38,42,62,75,249,269,294],"this":[39,190,196],"problem":[40],"is":[41,99,157,192,227],"subsequently":[43],"unfold":[44],"velocity":[47,79,85,156,273,282],"estimate":[48,83],"with":[49,111,215,280,289],"staggered":[51],"pulse":[52],"repetition":[53],"time":[54,96],"(PRT)":[55],"algorithm,":[56],"which":[57],"requires":[58],"two":[59,109],"different":[60],"PRTs":[61],"be":[63],"employed":[64,242],"in":[65,141,198,275],"sequence.":[66],"This":[67],"article":[68,191],"investigates":[69],"a":[70,87,95,128,199,256,276],"potentially":[71],"more":[72],"rapid":[73],"method":[74],"extend":[76],"Nyquist":[80],"interval.":[81],"We":[82],"using":[86,160],"pair":[88],"frequency":[90],"diverse":[91],"pulses":[92,110,138],"separated":[93,126],"by":[94,120,127,149],"lag":[97,129],"that":[98],"significantly":[100,290],"shorter":[101],"than":[102],"PRT.":[104],"During":[105,133],"first":[107],"PRT,":[108,136],"center":[112],"frequencies":[113],"f":[114,121,144,150,169,178],"<sub":[115,122,145,151,170,174,179,183],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[116,123,146,152,171,175,180,184],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">1</sub>":[117,153,172,185],",":[118,125],"followed":[119,148],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sub>":[124,147,176,181],"\u03c4":[130],"are":[131,140,241],"transmitted.":[132],"next":[135],"transmitted":[139],"order":[143,262],".":[154],"then":[158],"estimated":[159],"sum":[162],"phases":[166],"derived":[167],"from":[168],"/f":[173,182],"sequences.":[186],"The":[187,245],"focus":[188],"demonstration":[194],"algorithm":[197,206,226,246],"beam-filled":[200],"scenario":[201],"error":[204],"canceling":[205],"design.":[207],"Based":[208],"on":[209,229,252],"Monte-Carlo":[210],"simulations":[211],"data":[213],"collected":[214],"NASA":[217],"Goddard":[218],"Space":[219],"Flight":[220],"center's":[221],"Cloud":[222],"Radar":[223],"System,":[224],"demonstrated":[228],"nearly":[230],"static":[231],"surface":[232,253],"echoes.":[233],"Projected":[234],"aircraft":[235],"speeds":[236],"traditional":[238],"pulse-pair":[239],"estimates":[240],"references.":[244],"was":[247],"found":[248],"perform":[250],"adequately":[251],"echoes":[254],"low":[257,281],"spectrum":[258],"width":[259],"0.5":[264],"m/s":[265],"SNR":[267],"comparable":[268],"20":[270],"dB.":[271],"retrievals":[274],"cirrus":[277],"cloud":[278],"layer":[279],"turbulence":[283],"retained":[284],"some":[285],"qualitative":[286],"structure,":[287],"albeit":[288],"degraded":[291],"precision":[292],"due":[293],"lost":[296],"coherence.":[297]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
